Essay about Can the World Sustain an Increasing Population

Countries in the world hold different attitudes to the population policy, some of them tend to delay the increase of population while others introduce policies to encourage childbirth. After centuries of continual growth, which started at the first industrial revolution, the global population reached over 7 billion individuals in 2013. Research by Ezeh, Bongaarts and Mberu (2012) states that increasing population is a threat to individuals and societies by bring problems based on unsatisfied demand. The â€Å"increasing population† in this essay can be defined as net rising in birth rate during a period, especially in the poor developing countries. This essay will argue that the world cannot sustain an increasing population. The reasons for†¦show more content†¦However, the same degree of pollution increases in cities with population of 10 million people is 3.13 parts per billion (NASA, 2013). The contribution to air pollution from surface-level NO2 is about a factor of five when population in cities increased from 1 million to 10 million people in China. According to Engelman (2009), falling human numbers is a powerful key to long-term environmental sustainability. Therefore it could be concluded that the world environment can hardly maintain an increasing population for its limited resources and probably pollution. Another reason for the world cannot continue to provide for increasing population is that rising rate of birth especially in poorest developing countries aggravates the trend toward greater inequality, which means the rich getting much richer while others are opposite. Ezeh, Bongaarts and Mberu (2012) found that in general, the growth of population is rapider in poorer countries than developed countries. For example, the World Bank points out that in sub-Saharan Africa where poverty headcount ratio fluctuated of 50% from 1981 to 2010, the rate of population growth is more than 2% per year. Poverty trend in here refers to people living on less than $1.25 a day. Malthus (as cited in Martà ­n-Guzmà ¡n, 2005), explains that because population pressure may overwhelm natural resources as explained before,Show MoreRelatedThe Threat Of Global Economy1078 Words   |  5 Pagesconsuming renewable resources rapidly than we can restore and demand has overreached the support of natural system s. Our twenty-first century civilization is encountering an outgrowing capacity, which is moving us onto an economic path that is not environmentally sustainable. 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Everyday, new technological advances are being achieved and the population is growing faster than it ever previously has. We must look back at past civilizations and analyze them to understand what is in store for us in the future. In the pursuit of progress, human societies create problems they do not have the resources or political motivation to solve, for fear of short termRead MoreThe Article Over Population Is Not The Problem `` New York Times892 Words   |  4 Pagesthe article â€Å"Over Population Is Not the Problem† New York T imes. On 13 September 2013, Erle Elis informs us that many scientist believe humans are exceeding the earth’s natural carrying capacity. That the expanding numbers are reaching the limits of our finite planet. Earths carrying capacity is estimated between 4 and 16 billion, and the world’s population stands at around 7 billion. In other words, we may have already passed the limits. 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With industrialization and technologies developed in those 200 years, humans have been depleting the earth’s natural resources at an alarming rate. Environmental science is the branch of science concerned with

Wireless Industry Free Essays

The Wireless Industry in Canada is comprised of establishments engaged in providing telecommunication and/or services over network facilities operated by them. The establishments in the industry can own a network, lease a network, or combined these two facilities (NAICS , 2010). With limited regulatory barriers and availability of mobile technologies, the internal weaknesses of the industry have been overcome by strengths through job creations and investment and the Canadian Market. We will write a custom essay sample on Wireless Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now These internal strengths have led the wireless industry to become what is known as the fastest growing industry in North America and Western Europe. Traditional telecommunication companies are having a hard time increasing their customer base because of regulatory barriers and availability of mobile technologies (Anwar, 2003). Market capitalization poses a weakness to the industry. However, this trend is more noted in the European and Asia market, and has not impacted Canada the same. During the boom times, telecom companies maintained high market capitalization which signify an industry that is dominated by digital and Internet-related markets and surging consumer demand (Anwar, 2003). The wireless industry in Canada contributes $39 billion and roughly 300,000 jobs to the economy (CWTA, 2008). With more than $1 billion invested by Canadian wireless carriers in communication infrastructure each year, Canada has become stronger in the investments in the country and its people. The demand for highly skilled wireless communications specialists is so great that Canadian post-secondary institutions are creating programs specifically geared to the wireless industry. Furthermore, the wireless sector offers high value employment with an average salary level of $59,000, compared to a Canadian average salary of $42,640 (CWTA, 2008). Wireless carriers in Canada now expand their services to 99 percent of Canadians, increasing yearly the mobile phone subscribers (reaching 24 million in September 2010) (CWTA, 2008). Approximately 75 percent of Canadian households have access to a wireless phone, sending approximately 163 million text messages a day. The total wireless revenues in Canada were $16.8 billion in 2009 (CWTA, 2008). With this substantial popularity, the evolution of this market within Canada there are still a wide variety of strengths and weaknesses to be utilized and overcome by those organizations ready to effectively take on the challenge. Despite facing threats from external factors, the wireless industry is continuously evolving, giving it the upper hand, along with many opportunities. Much of the wireless industries success comes from the constant growth of technology, as well as, consumer demands. Through consumer trends such as going green, our accustomed lifestyle filled with convenience, and rapid increase in the mobile network, the wireless industry and its infinite possibilities have become the future of communication. Thus this ever-changing ability to develop and evolve is a major external strength for this industry. But having total creative licence to try and pull ahead of the competition, the possibilities in regards to innovation are endless. Green has become more than just a colour in recent years due to the current trend of becoming environmentally friendly and aware consumers. This has become extremely relevant in the wireless industry since, as mentioned by Anne Leonard in â€Å"The Story of Electronics†, electronics are â€Å"designed for the dump.† (Leonard, 2010) Therefore more garbage means more opportunities for recycling. Not only is this an opportunity to attract and meet consumer demands but, going green in the wireless industry would allow the ability to reuse materials, hence making products less costly. By creating green products, a company would be enabled to remain competitive in their industry to fulfill consumer’s need of convenience, and also environmentally friendly and recognizing the importance of the new consumer attitude. Figure 1: Ericsson Vision by 2020 Source: Ericsson Vision 2020 Time is of the essence and consumers now, more than ever, value convenience and accessibility. This provides the wireless industry the perfect opportunity due to the fact that according to Ericsson, an estimated 50 billion devices will be created by 2020. (Ericsson, 2009) As shown in Figure 1, electronics will overwhelmingly be part of our daily lives whether that is at home, work, or in society as a whole. These rising needs will provide the wireless industry with ample opportunities to create new products, as technology permits. Some specific opportunities may include the simple idea of the ability to communicate closely with your consumers through code scanning, to provide necessary information and by providing mobile services such as mobile coupons, which also ties into the green trend. Figure 2: Wireless Industry Market Share Breakdown Ericsson Vision by 2020 Source: CWTA Wireless Facts and Figures 2010 The wireless industry is an oligopoly, meaning that there are a few major competitors in the market. This is a great opportunity especially with â€Å"wireless being a cash cow for the industry, it has been â€Å"enormously† profitable for Rogers, Bell, and Telus.† (Report: Canadian Consumers Not Seeing Benefits From Wireless Industry Competition, 2010). As demonstrated in Figure 2, Rogers, Bell, and Telus control the majority of the market share and as the industry grows so will their sales Even though individual electronics may have a short life cycle, the overall wireless industry proves to be one of the largest and fastest growing industries. At the same time, this can be seen as a weakness, depending on which corporation you are examining. By not competing effectively with the major players within the market, it can be very easy to fall behind and eventually out of this very profitable industry. In order to keep up with Canada’s rapidly growing wireless industry the need for better regulation and easier entry into the industry is a must. There are 99% of Canadians taking advantage of the coverage offered by wireless carriers (C W T A / A C T S). It is imperative for the growth of the industry that international competitors are allowed into the Canadian market. This weakness could easily be turned into a strength as the wireless industry would benefit from increased regulations among carriers; it will allow for more consistency and will aid in capturing the remaining 1% of the Canadian population. Not only does regulation in the industry create happier consumers but it will also allow for customer loyalty for the existing competitors and drive their sales up. Throughout a geographically diverse nation, Canada boasts one of the highest broadband penetration rates in the world and Canadian companies have learned to provide world-class services, despite the geographical challenges and the smaller population centres. This weakness has already been overcome by the strength within the service and technology of this Canadian industry. By overcoming the difficulties of the geography and dispersed population centres within Canada, quality service is being provided to all, as well as upgraded and maintain on a daily basis by teams of professional staff an other industries working together. Canada also faces challenges within its wireless industry in regards to commercializing innovation and exporting it successfully to international markets. And tying in with this is another weakness of this Canadian Industry, are the limited resources of these small to medium sized enterprises. â€Å"Canadian operators have historically taken a â€Å"smart follower† approach to the commercial deployment of technology† (Kazam Technologies, 2006). Thus the needed resources of people, time and investments that would be required to successfully establish an organization within and international market present many challenges to the industry. The last current strength within the Canadian wireless industry, is the introduction of a new player which has promised to bring its Canadian organization even closer to the major players of Bell, Telus and now Wind Mobile. The major Chinese telecommunications solutions provider has set up its North American headquarters in Markham Ontario, bringing the province a state-of-the-art test lab designed to help improve the telecommunications industry in Canada (Beta, 2011). The organization named Huawei, headquarters currently employs approximately 200 people and will †expand our highly competitive offerings and support capabilities to our key customers in Canada† (Beta, 2011). Through this company’s commitment to strengthening the wireless industry in Canada along with our economy, there are sure to be some major advancements in years to come. There is no doubt that the wireless industry will only continue to grow. Consumers’ demands are an enormous part of the success of this industry and because of this it is absolutely necessary that these companies are paying attention to the constant changes in lifestyles. The extent of this success hinges heavily on the consumers and their wants. Throughout the external analysis of this popular and widely used industry we have mentioned many strengths and weaknesses within the market. Through the careful planning and managing of the concepts in both of these external areas, individual organizations have the potential to flourish and grow within the industry. Bibliography http://www.iphoneincanada.ca/carriers/report-canadian-consumers-not-seeing-benefits-from-wireless-industry-competition How to cite Wireless Industry, Essay examples

Communications Theories Paper free essay sample

Communications Theories Paper COM 310 March 14, 2011 The Universal Communication Law states that â€Å"All living entities, beings, and creatures communicate. † Communication is the process in which individuals utilize symbols to interpret and determine meaning in their environment. Communication includes both face-to-face and mediated communication. It takes place through movement, sounds, reactions, languages, etc. â€Å"Communication theory helps us to understand other people and their communities, the media, and our associations with families friends, roommates, co-workers, and companions (West Turner, 2004). Theory is â€Å"an abstract system of concepts and their relationships that help us to understand a phenomenon (West, 2004). Three communication theories are Symbolic Interaction Theory, Social Penetration Theory, and Uncertainty Reduction Theory. Symbolic Interaction focuses on the relationships between symbols and interactions (West, 2004). The Symbolic Interaction Theory gives a reference to how people act and behave with symbolic meanings they find within given situations. The interactions with these symbols, in turn forms relationships around individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on Communications Theories Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The overall goal of any interactions with one another is to create shared meanings toward objects, feelings, and each other. Some of the key points in the Symbolic Interaction Theory are as follows: individuals act toward each other based on the meaning and relationship those others have for them; meaning is created through the interactions individuals have in sharing personal interpretations of symbols; meanings are modified through a process of creating meaning and discussing it with others; self-concepts are developed through interactions with others; cultural and social processes influence individuals. Before myself, Erin didn’t have many best friends. When I told Erin that she was my best friend, we interpreted it differently. To me, it meant that I loved her like family, I could turn to her for anything at anytime, and that I shared everything with her. Erin took the term more lightly and thought it meant that we would just hang out often share some things with each other. Through a few arguments and long discussions, we came a similar meaning of what best friends meant. The communication here was effective in that we eventually came to have a similar meaning of a word. It could have been more effective if it was discussed at the beginning what each of us thought it meant. In the future, I will pay attention to how others act towards words and ask questions about their interpretations. When I was in junior high, the phrase â€Å"do you want to go out with me? † meant â€Å"do you want to be my girlfriend. † Because of our age and the fact that we didn’t drive, it was the junior high â€Å"universal meaning† of this phrase. However, when I reached high school, this changed. I had to learn to decipher when â€Å"let’s go out† meant hanging out outside of school as friends or dating. My interactions with people were key in developing these meanings. This communication was effective because I was able to obtain a similar meaning of what this phrase meant to others by utilizing symbols. This communication could have been more effective by using language to communicate what the phrase meant. When discussing an issue with a close friend of mine, we came to realize that we didn’t share similar beliefs about what marriage meant. She explained to me that because she came from a home where her parents fought and eventually divorced, she saw marriage as nothing more that a piece of paper. I explained to her that I saw marriage as a symbol to show your partner that you will always care and love them, no matter what. I shared with her the symbols that led me to that interpretation of marriage and she began to understand. The communication was effective in that we was able to accurately describe our meanings of marriage. It could have been more effective if we were able to visually see each others symbols that were used for interpretation. In the future I will better communicate by paying better attention to the symbols within the context and better utilize them. Social Penetration is the process of engaging oneself in communication with others to move a relationship from trivial to intimate. Intimacy does not necessarily mean physical intimacy, but may involve other areas such as intellectually, emotionally, and the extent in which a couple engages in activities. The process of social penetration includes verbal behaviors, nonverbal behaviors, and environmentally oriented behaviors. Social penetration goes through a number of stages. The orientation stage includes simple discussions and small talk. Exploratory affective exchange stage is when individuals begin to reveal small portions about themselves and develop a simple friendship with others. The affective exchange stage is when private and personal matters begin to be discussed more spontaneously and comfortably and may include intimate touching. The stable stage occurs when personal things are shared in complete openness. Finally, the depenetration stage is when the relationship begins to break down eventually leading to termination. There have been many instances where I was involved in social penetration. When I was in my early 20’s, I enjoyed going out on the weekends to meet new people and have a good time. On many occasions I would meet someone who I thought was interesting and start a conversation with them. The information that was exchanged during these conversations was that of every day talk such as, â€Å"Hi! What’s your name? † â€Å"How are you this evening,† etc. I was always careful about my body language, and the information that I gave away. One could say that I only revealed the top layer of my â€Å"onion†. Very few of these encounters actually led to any kind of intimate relationship. The communication, in regards to the orientation stage of the Social Penetration Theory, was effective in that I shared simple information in order to keep the conversations from ending. However, it could have been more effective if I would have discussed having more conversations at a later date, where more information about myself would have been disclosed. I feel as if I have come to communicate better in these situations by being more open to the possibility of future conversations. Social penetration also occurs on first dates. My friend decided to set me up on a date with someone she knew. We decided that we were going to go to dinner and maybe a movie. During the first hour or so, conversation was very simple. We discussed work, a few likes and dislikes, and what we would order for dinner. The conversation went well and we decided the movie was a good idea. We weren’t able to talk during the movie, but we sat close to each other showing some amount of comfortability. After the movie we decided to take a walk where the conversation got more intimate. By the end of the night, we were holding hands. We had reached the exploratory affective exchange stage. The communication was effective in that we both gave more information about ourselves as the night progressed. Communication could have been more effective if we had been more aware of how far we wanted the relationship to progress that evening and not rushed anything. In the future, I will be more aware of this and not get too intimate too quickly. Another instance where social penetration can be applied to my life is in based on my friendship with Scott. Scott and I met on the first day of Kindergarten. We had the same class and sat next to each other. First, it was a bit awkward because we were kids and had not really engaged in social interaction much at that point. However, after realizing that we rode the same bus home and lived two houses away from each other, our friendship was able to grow. By the time middle school arrived, Scott and I were completely open with each other and confided in each other about our home lives, fears, and who we were dating. Our friendship had reached the stable stage of social penetration. When it was time to decide what high school we wanted to attend, Scott and I chose different schools. Our friendship was able to progress through the first year of high school. However, we began living different lifestyles, started talking much less, and pushed away from each other. The depenetration process of our friendship began. Now, Scott and 6I barely talk, as we have gone our own ways. The communication during our friendship was very effective in that we both shared intimate details of our lives and opened up completely to one another. The communication during our high school years could have been more effective if we both could have made more of an effort to make sure we had time to talk to each other. I have definitely learned my lesson from this experienced and have not let another friendship fade away like the one I had with Scott. The Uncertainty Reduction Theory â€Å"explains how communication is used to reduce uncertainties between strangers engaging in initial interaction† (West, 2004). Uncertainty reduction follows a pattern involving developmental stages. The entry stage, or beginning stage is controlled by communication rules and norms and general demographic information, including but not limited to sex, age, and/or social status, is usually obtained. Once more personal information begins to be shared, the relationship enters the personal phase. In this stage, communication becomes more spontaneous and attitudes, beliefs, and values are shared. The exit stage is when an individual decides where to continue or terminate interaction in the future. How the relationship can grow and continue may also be discussed. The most common application of the Uncertainty Reduction Theory occurs when first meeting someone. When I first met my college roommate Cierra, it was a disaster. I didn’t know what it was like living with someone I didn’t know, and I was very secretive. We said, â€Å"hi,† but I didn’t allow the conversation to continue. After learning we had a few classes together, I started to discuss more with her and the uncertainty began to dissolve. All-in-all, she became a great roommate. The communication was effective when I began to talk to her more and dissolve the uncertainty I had towards her. It could have been more effective if I had initially asked questions and allowed for her to ask questions. In the future I will communicate differently by asking necessary questions for myself and asking if there are any I can answer for the other communicator. On the first day I started my new job, I was asked to sit with a group of co-workers at lunch. I was quite uncertain with this because I didn’t understand their motives and I didn’t know if they would like me once we started talking. However, I accepted the invitation. Learning that they only wanted me to feel welcomed, the uncertainty began to dissolve. By the end of lunch we all decided that we wanted to continue to build a relationship and get to know each other better. The communication was effective because I accepted the initial invitation and gave them a chance to help dissolve the uncertainty. The communication could have been more effective if they would have stated their motives in the the invitation. In future instances, I will not assume and instead ask questions. Uncertainty also occurs on a business level. When I first walked into a bank to get a loan, I was quite nervous. I needed the loan for a car and it was very important that I succeeded. Because I lacked financial credit history, the bank was very uncertain of my credibility. I began to present them with financial documents such as check stubs and bill payment histories. The bank was able to decide from that information whether to begin to dissolve the uncertainty and move forward with the loan or not give me the loan. My information was sufficient, and I was successful in getting the loan. As time progressed, I was able to further dissolve any uncertainty by showing that I was credit worthy. My bank and I now have a great financial relationship. My communication with the bank was effective because it helped in dissolving uncertainty they had in giving me a loan. It could have been more effective if I would have had credit history to show them. In the future, I can better communicate with the bank by showing them more information than what was previously available. Communication is all around us and can be very complex. It lets us understand one another and is necessary for life. Communication is the basis for building any kind of relationship, including friendships, work relationships, family relationships, and intimate relationships. Different types of communication theories help us understand how and why we form these relationships, therefore making it easier to understand ourselves. References West, R. Turner, H. (2004). Introducing Communication Theory: Analysis and Application (2nd ed. ). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Translation Errors in the English Version of Tourism Publications free essay sample

Although many tourism publications have English translations interspersed between passages of Chinese, the quality of these translated texts is not so satisfying. Some postgraduates are often engaged in translating Chinese into English; therefore, as an English teacher, the author thinks it is necessary to discuss the errors in these translation works so as to develop good English taste among students. As for the errors in translation, there are linguistic errors and pragmatic errors. Linguistic errors, violating the language rule of English, cover such errors as spelling mistakes, subject-verb disagreements and so on. Linguistic errors are usually caused by the translator’s linguistic incompetence. In addition, each text is not purely a linguistic phenomenon, but â€Å"must be seen in terms of communication function, as a unit embedded in a given situation, and as part of a broader socio-cultural background† (Hornby, 2001,69). Since translation is regarded as an activity of intercultural communication, if the translator ignores the shift of the social and cultural situations, the transfer of pragmatic rules from his native language to the target language will lead to various pragmatic failures or errors during the inter-cultural communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Translation Errors in the English Version of Tourism Publications or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, pragmatic transfer is the main cause of pragmatic failures or errors, which can be classified into two categories: pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure. Different from linguistic errors, the pragmatic failure or error conforms to the language rule and can be detected only in the context. In translation, pragmatic failures or errors are usually attributed to the ignorance of the translator toward the intentions of the source text sender and expectations and conventions of the target readers. Translation errors occur when a particular expression becomes inadequate with regard to the communicative function it is supposed to achieve. As to the English version of tourism publications, the translation errors can be classified into three categories: linguistic translation errors, pragmatic translation errors and cultural translation errors. 1. Linguistic Errors A glance at the English versions of these beautifully printed tourism publications will surely make you shocked by the numerous linguistic errors in them. Here the linguistic errors refer to no more than the lexical and grammatical errors, including misspelled words, inappropriate punctuation marks, misused words, and ill-constructed sentences as well, which are easy to be spotted. Lexical errors cover spelling mistakes, inappropriate punctuation marks, misused words and words collocations. Lexical errors are due to translator’s carelessness and ignorance; therefore they can be reduced without any difficulties. Grammatical errors cover the ill-structured sentences and all the other syntax structures that fail to function properly, such as subject-verb agreement errors, noun morphology errors, and verb-morphology errors etc. An ungrammatical sentence will cost readers more time to identify than a lexical error. At the same time, grammar mistakes always result in the unreadability of the text. Unfortunately, grammatical errors can be frequently seen in the English version of tourism publications, as displayed in the following short paragraph: Example 1 Forest resources is rich there with 120-odd plants, 600-odd herbs, hence a natural botanical gardens. Spread over hills everywhere, ever-green; In early spring is yellow; In may like snow is white; In late autumn is red; Like graceful maiden in summer is five-leaved chaste tree; In winter is red fruits. It is shocking that the short paragraph suffers so many mistakes that it completely lost readability. The first sentence violates the subject-verb agreement rule with the plural subject â€Å"resources† and the singular verb â€Å"is†. In addition, in common sense it is unmatchable between â€Å"forest resources † and â€Å"a natural botanical garden†. It is much worse that the following sentences are so ill constructed that they are unreadable and cannot be identified at all. 2. Pragmatic Translation Errors Most of the tourism publications are translated word for word and sentence for sentence. Therefore, even if a translation is lexically and grammatically right after careful correction, it often suffers pragmatic translation errors caused by inadequate solutions to pragmatic translation problems such as a lack of receiver orientation (which means the translator translates the source text without taking into account the target readers). The translator has to take account of the fact that a piece of information that might be â€Å"trivial† to the source text recipient, because of his source-cultural background knowledge, may be unknown to the target text recipient because of his target-cultural background knowledge-or vice versa† (Nord, 1991, 97). In the English version of tourism publications, the pragmatic errors are usually triggered by a bunch of cultural terms and proper names, which often hinder English-speaking readers from thoroughly understanding the text. 2. Pragmatic Translation Errors Caused by Cultural Terms Cultural terms, regarded as the vehicles of culture, refer to words and expressions peculiar to a certain culture, such as feudal emperors and dynasties, historical figures, idioms, allusions, etc. As the translator takes it for granted that English readers can understand the cultural terms concerned in tourism publications, he gives no further explanations or other references. As a matt er of fact, most of English readers, who lack the background knowledge about Chinese culture, are unable to appreciate these translations. The pragmatic translation errors are displayed in the following example: The carved stone is made up of the central parts of two characters â€Å"Wind† and â€Å"Moon†. Therefore the two characters are â€Å"without edges† or â€Å"boundless†. That means beautiful scenes here are boundless. The Chinese version, representing the uniqueness of Chinese culture, can be well enjoyed by Chinese readers. This part is also considered as a great challenge for translators, for foreigners don’t know Chinese characters and can’t understand the cultural connotations embedded in them. In the English version, though the translator endeavors to represent the original meaning of the source text by adding explanations, he still fails to make foreigners catch the cultural information embedded in the Chinese characters â€Å" †. After reading the English version, foreigners may understand that the view of this place is very beautiful, but may still have no clear idea about the carved characters on the stone, for they can by no means associate the â€Å"wind† and â€Å"moon† with â€Å"scenery† as Chinese people do. 2. Pragmatic Errors Caused by Proper Names Pragmatic translation errors can also be caused by the proper names translated into Pinyin, which, to English readers who know little about Chinese culture, would be no more than a mess of signs without any meaning. For instance: Example 3 There are many historical and cultural relics in Rizhao. The Ruins of Liangcheng and Donghaiyu are typical of the Longshan Culture more than 4,000 years ago. The pictograph of the Dawenkou Culture discovered along the Lingyang River was one of the oldest Chinese characters. The cliff inscriptions in Heshan were carved in the largest Chinese characters, and have been registered in the Guiness Records. Dinglin Temple where the famous literary theorist and critic Liu Xie, the author of Wen Xin Diao Long, proofread the Buddhist scriptures is situated inside the Fulai Mountain, known for its ancient culture. In the English version of 97 words (including punctuation marks) appears 10 Pinyins, only half of which can be understood as names of cities, rivers, temples, mountains or the literary critic in the text. The rest half of the proper names are inaccessible even to Chinese readers, let alone foreign tourists. For example, readers can find nothing in the text that can shed light on these two terms Donghaiyu and Liangcheng. The translation of proper names is a complex issue that can’t be tackled within a short chapter. However, as to the translation of proper names in the tourism text, it seems that Pinyin alone doesn’t work very efficiently. 3. Cultural Translation Errors Cultural translation errors are caused by an inadequate decision with regard to reproduction or adaptation of culture-specific conventions. Impacted by Chinese writing conventions, the English versions are always composed in a stereotyped way, which finds its expression in such aspects as cover-all contents and formal style, pompous diction and so on. Such stereotyped writings, unconventional to English readers, always result in misunderstanding. 3. Cultural Translation Errors Caused by Coverall Contents and Formal Style Cultural translation errors can be triggered by the coverall contents and formal writing style; namely, the English versions are inclined to cover all the things, necessary or unnecessary, in very formal languages. With detailed and formal description on every aspect of the place in question, ranging from locations, climate, transportations, food, facilities, hotels, to policies and economic issues, the English versions of tourism publications look like official repo rts lacking attraction. In addition, the stereotyped content and the structure of the text can be predicted even without reading it through. Such problems occur in almost every tourism publication issued by the official bureaus and agencies we have collected. However, due to different patterns of thought, these stereotyped writings cannot be well accepted by English readers, who, preferring the informal and succinct writing, would feel bored to read such long, flat and document-like texts. Thus the translator’s efforts proved to be no avail at all.

Essay on Home

Essay on Home Home sweet home is always there deep inside the heart of every living individual. Having one’s home is an old dream, as old as this universe is. Essay on home is always in your heart and you know the contents very well as well. In most of the cases students don’t need to consult books or online reference books to write an essay on home. Home essay writing is as simple as writing alphabets for a school kid. Essay on home is the topic of choice for many of teachers in literature, humanities, and home economics. Some social science experts have high priority for writing an essay on home. While writing an essay for home you need to know the essence of the topic. It is not writing about the bricks and wood used in the buildings. You need to distinguish between a house and a home too. When you write about a house, you mean the building that has been made to live in.   On the other hand, when you write an essay on home, you mean the house along with all the life the inmates bring in it.In other words, home is full of life; it can be a cottage, a tent, a palace, a bungalow, or a caravan; while a house can be haunted, free from all signs of life, and the least you can call a home. You can write an essay on home whenever you want, as all of us know our homes very well.   An essay on home is not only a favourite for teachers, but also for students.   To write an essay on home is not difficult, but like all essays, you need guidelines and instructions before you begin on your essays on home.   If you follow the following instructions, you will be able to bag A grades in all your essays on home: Before writing essay on home, you must make it clear first that, as mentioned above; a house and a home are different.   If you own a bungalow which has no inmates except for spiders and woodlice, you won’t call it a home.   On the other hand, if someone uses their car for the purpose of living in, or, in the case of Gypsies, they live in tents similar to the ones we camp in, it will be home for them. While writing essay on home, you do NOT mention only the architecture, the windows, the number of rooms, the size, etc.   You mention all aspects that come in a home in your essay on home, like furniture, your own bedroom decoration, how your mom has the kitchen painted violet, why your grandfather’s room is at the top, how your dad has the garden full of Chrysanthemums, and so on. Keep in mind that all homes are different.   A home in England is definitely different from a home in India, and a home in Africa can never resembles one in America.   Even in your street, your neighbour’s home is a lot different from your own, and the one in the next street is even more different; so say boldly and proudly what your home is really like, do not care how different your essay on home is from your classmates.   Who knows, you might get the highest marks in your essay on home! If you don’t have time to write a whole essay on home, you can always buy essay on home from our professional custom essay writing company.

Discover the Code-Breaking History of the Rosetta Stone

Discover the Code-Breaking History of the Rosetta Stone The Rosetta Stone, which is housed in the British Museum, is a black, possibly basalt slab with three languages on it (Greek, demotic and hieroglyphs) each saying the same thing. Because the words are translated into the other languages, it provided Jean-Francois Champollion the key to the mystery of Egyptian hieroglyphs. Discovery of the Rosetta Stone Discovered at Rosetta (Raschid) in 1799, by Napoleons army, the Rosetta Stone proved the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs. The person who found it was Pierre Francois-Xavier Bouchards, a French officer of engineers. It was sent to the Institut dEgypte in Cairo and then taken to London in 1802. Rosetta Stone Content The British Museum describes the Rosetta Stone as a priestly decree affirming the cult of 13-year-old Ptolemy V. The Rosetta Stone tells of an agreement between Egyptian priests and the pharaoh on March 27, 196 B.C. It names honors bestowed on Macedonian Pharaoh Ptolemy V Epiphanes. After praising the pharaoh for his generosity, it describes the siege of Lycopolis and the kings good deeds for the temple. The text continues with its main purpose: establishing a cult for the king. Related Meaning for the Term Rosetta Stone The name Rosetta Stone is now applied to just about any type of key used to unlock a mystery. Even more familiar may be a popular series of computer-based language-learning programs using the term Rosetta Stone as a registered trademark. Among its growing list of languages is Arabic, but, alas, no hieroglyphs. Physical Description of the Rosetta Stone From the Ptolemaic Period, 196 B.C.Height: 114.400 cm (max.)Width: 72.300 cmThickness: 27.900 cmWeight: about 760 kilograms (1,676 lb.). Location of the Rosetta Stone Napoleons army found the Rosetta Stone, but they surrendered it to the British who, led by Admiral Nelson, had defeated the French at the Battle of the Nile. The French capitulated to the British at Alexandria in 1801 and as terms of their surrender, handed over the artifacts they had unearthed, chiefly the Rosetta Stone and a sarcophagus traditionally (but subject to dispute) attributed to Alexander the Great. The British Museum has housed the Rosetta Stone since 1802, except for the years 1917-1919 when it was temporarily moved underground to prevent possible bomb damage. Prior to its discovery in 1799, it had been in the town of el-Rashid (Rosetta), in Egypt. Languages of the Rosetta Stone The Rosetta Stone is inscribed in 3 languages: Demotic (the everyday script, used to write documents),Greek (the language of Ionian Greeks, an administrative script), andHieroglyphs (for priestly business). Deciphering the Rosetta Stone No one could read hieroglyphs at the time of the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, but scholars soon pieced out a few phonetic characters in the demotic section, which, by comparison with the Greek, were identified as proper names. Soon proper names in the hieroglyphic section were identified because they were circled. These circled names are called cartouches. Jean-Francois Champollion (1790-1832) was said to have learned enough Greek and Latin by the time he was 9-years-old to read Homer and Vergil (Virgil). He studied Persian, Ethiopic, Sanskrit, Zend, Pahlevi, and Arabic, and worked on a Coptic dictionary by the time he was 19. Champollion finally found the key to translating the Rosetta Stone in 1822, published in Lettre M. Dacier.

Global Operation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Operation - Essay Example Moreover, there may be disagreements between the local community and PPQ (Cateora and Graham 19). This is because PPQ will introduce new employees who will be accompanied by their family members in the host foreign country. The host foreign country will experience strain in its communities and social amenities, for example, schools. This is because the communities and social amenities where PPQ is situated will experience an enhancement in number of individuals largely from PPQ. Also, the host foreign country will experience issues associated with the unfamiliar characteristic of the dealings between employees of PPQ and the existing people of the region where PPQ has decided to establish its stores to sell their products. It is imperative that PPQ anticipates any issues that may have a negative impact on the host foreign country and device ways of dealing with them before it starts its process of expansion. Question 2 International organizations frequently go through abundant cultur al issues when they extend their activities into diverse and new territories. When a company expands to new territories, its employees may have difficulties dealing with clients who are from a diverse and different culture. There is the issue of cultural sensitivity which requires the employees of the international company to accommodate the cultural practices of their clients. In addition, workers of international organizations may face difficulties in overcoming language barriers in the new areas of operation (Cateora and Graham 122). These may pose a severe challenge to the ability of workers providing adequate and sufficient services to the customers. Individuals with an identical value system, religion, beliefs, and language share a similar culture. As a result, this is imparted to every individual in the cultural system. Therefore, workers of international organizations, who are not from the same cultural system as the customers, find it difficult to comprehend the customersâ €™ cultural system, hence affecting the process of interaction. Question 3 Diversity has become an extremely essential subject in the international field. Any knowledgeable businessperson or manager should be aware that the universe is decreasing in size due to opportunities and services facilitated by globalization. Inventions, for example, the internet has made diversity an extremely essential subject in the international field because it has made engaging in business activities in different parts of the world less complicated, and trade is making the most of the opportunities caused by being diverse. In addition, diversity has made a number of financial restraints that were in existence in the past to be eradicated as organizations are attempting to engage in business activities all over and across the universe (Cateora and Graham 159). Also, diversity has become a significant subject in the international field because people are moving from their native lands to look for emp loyment opportunities in other areas. This is evident in areas, for example, Europe and North America where there are individuals of mixed ancestries and races. Therefore, diversity has enable individuals preserve their original identity while being part of different geographic regions. Question 4 There are a number of things that may happen if issues relating to diversity and multiculturalism are not paid attention to in a global organization. One, the international