A Sacred Product

In our current society, material things really do matter, as these things make our lives much easier and comfortable. We need to have certain types of gadgets such as mobile phones, laptops, computers, PDAs or the likes in order to function well and communicate with the people around us. We also need to have cars in order to get to work or school. Without these things, our lives would be much harder and complicated.Technological advancements have changed the way we live and also the society living in it. In addition, with all the advertisement and marketing strategies employed by companies, most people now immensely feel the need for these material things that they could no longer ignore them. However, we may be surrounded with material things that we use as tools for our convenience, but I do believe that some of these things are not just a tool but a part of us.Everyday, I have a routine of waking up in the morning then staring at the ceiling for a couple of minutes before finally getting up. That short span of time is my moment to reflect about the things that happened the day before. I think of the specific things that happened in terms of the words and the actions that a friend, an acquaintance, or a stranger had done to other people or to me.After a few minutes of reflection, I get out of the bed and I make a cup of coffee. I then sit on a comfortable chair and gaze on the view outside the window. I then try to appreciate what I see and enjoy the moment of peace and tranquility of the small garden that we have. I observe the grass that rises from the rich soil and examine the small colorful flowers that have bloomed.While I take a sip of my favorite Starbucks Coffee, I think of the activities that I want and need to do, such as deadlines, office work, catching up with old friends, and seeing my family. I also think of the chores that need to be finished for the day. I plan and organize early in the morning, as it is the time when I can focus more as my mi nd is clear. If I am not organizing my plan for the day, I would be writing the things that I have in my mind.The scent of coffee adds to the aura of the mornings. It somehow sets the mood and awakens my sense due to its strong and tangy flavor. Home-made Starbucks Coffee has become one of my strongest weapons in the morning, as it brings life to my mind.My mornings would not be complete without a cup of coffee; it lightens my mood and takes away the sluggishness of mornings. Coffee has been a part of my daily routine that I regard it as a sacred product that I cannot do without. It is like a habit (or maybe an addiction) that I cannot give up because it livens up mood to start my day right.Starbucks Coffee houses are also a venue for many of my friends to just relax and unwind due its peaceful and calming ambience. In that quiet little spot, we talk about our concerns such as our jobs or the current situation of our country. We also talk about entertainment and music which I and my friends enjoy.But how come coffee has become one of the most popular drinks which an individual or a group of people enjoy? I believe that advertisements and media, which are one of the most influential aspects of society, have made a simple coffee into a social construct. The endless TV commercials and the seemingly ubiquitous ads are one of the many reasons that caused coffee to become a thriving industry that is well-known to different people not only in the United States but also around the world.Another good aspect of coffee shop advertisements that I believe have captured the attention of many is the theme of having a place to just stop and relax after many hours of work. Coffee shops provide the space for friends and family to just be together, talk about anything, reminisce the old times, and reflect on their past experiences together. The inviting advertisements entice everyone to try coffee, and before anyone knew it, coffee has already become a become part of his or her everyday life.In conclusion, most people have their own sacred products that they use or need to have in order to have their lives complete. Although material things are truly needed by everyone, it must be taken in mind that advertisers and media are only promoting products and it is their job to do so. Still, there are things that we really need and there are things that we do not really need. It is our discretion if we need a product and not the advertisements that entice us to buy their products. We must be wise consumers and not just believe in the advertisements of companies who just want to increase their profit.

Support for Imperialism Declined From 1880-1902

In the late 19th Century, following on from the ‘Scramble for Africa', Britain continued the aim of expanding her empire through the process of imperialism from the period 1880 to 1902. ‘New imperialism’ is an expression used to demote a change in attitudes to empire in the last quarter of the 19th century. However imperialism is said to mean ’the wish to maintain the unity and increase the strength of an empire which contains within its limits various more on less independent states.’The reason for new imperialism was to reinforce the idea of a white self government; as well as to increase Britain’s empire, by 1900 Britain had taken control over 1/5 of the world’s land. However, it has to be noted that there were significant fluctuations in popularity during this period such as after the outbreak of the Second Boer War. The rapid expansion or empire came of a time when the electorate had been significantly widened. It also came at the t ime of the revolution of the popular press. Now printing techniques made newspapers, magazines and books cheaper and more commonly available.90% of the population are illiterate. Since many newspaper owners were staunch imperialists, many newspapers focused on imperial issues, as so many of the population was illiterate it could be argued that the idea of imperialism was mostly for those of the upper and middle classes; this is backed up by the fact that the working class resented the concept of imperialism as it was seen as a distraction from their work and wages. Support was particularly strong in upper-class public elite groups, such as the landed aristocracy, and among middle-class businessmen.There is, however, a debate about the extent to which the mass of the working class supported imperial ideology. Teaching the values of the empire was not continued. Imperial lessons were taught in the schoolroom, pupils would learn about the supremacy of the royal navy, the name of the co lonies and trade routes, schoolboys stressed patriotic themes. Frowning literacy amongst the young ensured that children especially boys – war the targets of a large range of magazines and novels produced in the 1890s and early 1900s.Many of the stories produced during  this period were set in distant parts of the British empire and were designed both to excite the imagination and to reinforce a sense of patriotism and duty, stories like this appeared in magazines such as Boys Own Paper, Chums, Pluck and Union Jack. It was during the 1880s that youth organisations with military style structures and patriotic, imperialistic values were first set up (boys brigade was set up in Glasgow 1883). One of the most popular forms of entertainment in the late Victorian and Edwardian period way the shows put on by music halls.These shows were designed to appeal to a predominantly the middle/upper class audience and many had a strong imperialistic and patriotic theme (the term jingoism, meaning ‘extreme patriotism’ came from a music hall song). British people living in the late 19th century were subjected to many indirect forms of indoctrination. Towns were full of billboards advertising products and services, which often used imperial images; thus increasing the appeal for the imperial message.Some of the most enthusiastic of such working-class demonstrations came during the Boer War of 1899-1902, this method of protest was known as mafficking. When news of the relief or Mafeking reached Britain in May 1900, there were huge demonstrations throughout the country. Some historians have argued against the view that the mass of the working class was fervent imperialists. Price, for example, many members of the working class volunteered to fight in the Boer war in an effort to escape poverty rather than because they supported the cause.Similarly, Peeling, argues that, just because music hall songs were jingoistic, it does not mean the audience fully support ed the views expressed as the presence of a product does not presume its acceptance. For some liberals there was the moral issue of using force to spread British international power. It was not until the Boer war the anti-imperialism gained a significant political voice. The Boer war was a turning point regarding support for imperialism as, it was the first time the brutality of Britain had been seen so vividly.Families were herded into concentration camps and approximately 110,000 were killed; from this we can see that the support for imperialism changed due to the impact it had on other people which ultimately led to a mass of loss support by the British public and politicians. From about 1880, Britain adopted a more aggressive form of imperialism and there was extensive support for this amongst and their extensive support for this amongst the British. Support was particularly strong within the conservative party and amongst the working classes.The working class was less easily co nvinced of the benefits of patriotism. The empire may have provided some employment but it did not lead to high pay and increasing prosperity. Economic issues were particularly significant in shaping enthusiasm for imperialism. Many elements of Chamberlain’s vision of a great global empire with Britain at the centre, they were taken up through the media and popular entertainments central to his thinking was the notion that Britain was helping the uncivilised and racially inferior native people this image appealed to the majority of people in Britain.In 1880 Gladstone became Prime minister; after winning the election in 1879 and therefore replacing Disraeli, the conservative. As Gladstone travelled throughout England highlighting his policies to the public, it is evident that his ambitions were that to be supported by the public. Furthermore we must recognise that Gladstone was one of the first politicians who saw the importance of speaking to the electorate;this was not only because times were changing but also because a higher percentage of the population were getting the vote as a result of the reform acts.An example of this would be the 1832 act which enabled women to vote. The 1900 general election, (Khaki) resulted in a conservative victory and a continuance of conservative rule. It appeared as I popular support lay with the government that had taken Britain into a war against the Boers. But there was considerable media coverage of the brutality of the war. The extensive international opposition to Britain’s methods weakened support for imperialism at home. Many working-class men volunteered for military service to escape poverty not because they wanted to show their patriotism.Also, several politicians mainly from the left did not agree with the concept of imperialism as to them it was just the preservation of capitalists. In conclusion, although there was a rapid increase in the support for imperialism due to the several sources such as bo oks, schools and entertainment in facilities such as music halls, from 1880-1902 the policy’s impression on the public began to change due to other factors such as because of the Boer war’s brutality as well as because of capitalists at the time who were seen as draining the countries resources.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Conditional Fee Arrangements for Legal Aid

The conditional fee arrangement was introduced by the Access to Justice Act (AJA) 1999, as an attempt to transfer legal funding from the treasury to the private sector. This occurred as a result of an increasing and ridiculous growth in the cost of legal aid, namely from a few hundred million to well over 2. 1 billion pounds from the 1980s to 2000. Moreover, it was not because demand was growing. Rather, number of cases relying on legal aid had decreased.Due to the need to control budget, Conditional fee arrangements are used to fund many civil cases which legal aid now excludes, and the issues brought about by conditional fee arrangements have been debated over the last decade. The conditional fee arrangements are sometime known as ‘no win, no fee’ agreements, which are not used for family or criminal matters, but can be used in many types of civil action. The no win no fee concept was first introduced in the UK under the Solicitors Conditional Fee Agreements act in 199 5.The primary reason for the no win no fee system was to make sure that individuals who did not qualify for legal aid could still make personal injury claims, regardless of their personal situation. Section 58 of the Courts and legal Services Act (CLSA) 1990 permitted the Lord Chancellor to introduce conditional fee arrangements. By 2000 legal aid was actually abolished for personal injury claims, resulting in the no win no fee personal injury claim system being the normal system that most claims work under.The beauty of the policy is that if you do not win your case, you are not required to pay any sort of fees to your no win no fee solicitor. Instead, the insurance will cover any costs and expenses of all parties involved, including your no win no fee lawyer. This allows you the safety and security of knowing that even if you are someone who is financially struggling, you still have the right to make a claim, and you will not have to pay if you for some reason lose your case. If y ou happen to win your case, you will automatically be compensated for 100 per cent of the fees attached to the personal injury claim.The purpose of the system is to make sure that everyone involved is covered by the insurance companies. The only fees which are potentially applicable to a person filing a claim are exceptional circumstances or medical negligence cases, which will need to be discussed in advance with your lawyer. Admittedly, based on my research, the only groups of individuals who have really benefitted from this scheme are the lawyers, the claims management companies (CMCs), the banks and the insurance companies, which, is typically the supplier base for this system.In contrast, the consumers themselves have little but complaints, even though the Conditional Fee Arrangement were targeted to helping them in the first place. The introduction of Lord Justice Jackson’s report this year 2010 is new and the effects have not been visible in the current market, though we may look at the theoretical and legal implications that such an upheaval in the Conditional Fee Arrangement this would bring. A major benefit of Conditional Fee Agreements is that it allows many people access to justice, and in addition does not have to receive any funding from the Government leaving them free to fund more serious civil cases.Because of agreements like these many people have been able to take their cases to court, all that is required is that the client buys insurance against losing a case. If this requirement is met then it is unlikely that the case will not be taken on by a Solicitor. The Solicitor is also likely to work harder on the clients behalf because it has invested interest. This will then result in more competition between Solicitors and as a consequence of this, the client receiving a better service.A Conditional Fee Arrangement provides access to the courts for those who cannot afford to pay the attorneys fees and costs of civil litigation. Contingen cy fees also provide a powerful motivation to the attorney to work diligently on the client's case. In other types of litigation where clients pay the attorney by the hour for their time, it makes little economic difference to the attorney whether the client has a successful outcome to the litigation. Finally, because lawyers assume the financial risk of litigation, the number of speculative or unmeritorious cases may be reduced.In terms of access to justice, Conditional Fee Arrangement have provided for many who could not qualify for legal aid. From 2000-2005 alone, personal injury cases saw a jump in a million consumers seeking redress Conditional Fee Arrangement. This is likely because of a few reasons. For one, the strict means test introduced by the Access to Justice AJA 1999 has led to the middle income group not qualifying for legal aid, but they are not able to afford legal services either. Secondly, the Access to Justice AJA 1999 has taken away certain civil cases from its funding, personal injury as an example.Thirdly, claims management companies CMCs have been actively educating the masses as to seeking redress for personal injury cases especially, thus promoting a culture that citizens fight for their rights, and the Conditional Fee Arrangement is one avenue that they can do it for free. The statistics speak for themselves. Especially in road traffic accidents, sometimes it is not proportional the damage to apply for legal advice but now it is made possible without the burden of bearing those legal costs. Conditional Fee Arrangement has increased accessibility to justice in a way that legal aid with a budget can never provide.In terms of cost, in particular the success fee, it has been said to be an incentive, the only incentive for lawyers to ever enter into a Conditional Fee Arrangement. A huge risk of not being paid a cent should equally mean that there should be a larger chance to earn more. Lawyers themselves are taking this risk and in order to maintain a supplier base, a success fee is a must. Currently, the success fee stands at any bonus amounting to up to 100% of the normal legal fees. However, it does not mean that it is up to the lawyer’s whims and fancies to set the percentage.This sum is decided in an agreement between the lawyer and the insurance company, based on the chance of success in a case. Opposition to this has argued that the success fee leads to perverse profits, but statistics show otherwise. Since implementation of Conditional Fee Arrangement, two large firms of claims management companies CMCs have gone bankrupt within a short span of 4 years and this makes us wonder whether doing Conditional Fee Arrangement are way more profitable than regular legal work. The advantages can be summarized as: †¢Lawyers acting in any case will be confident and determined.They will have had to weigh carefully the chances of success before taking the case as their fee depends on winning. †¢There will be freedom from anxiety of having to pay huge fees. †¢There will be no need to pay fees in advance. †¢There will be no delays or worries with legal aid applications. A major disadvantage of the Community Legal Service Fund is that they have a budget in which they have to stick to. Of course they cannot be blamed for this, however criticisms have been made about the way they use the funding to fund civil cases.It is thought that they tend to fund cases that do not necessarily deserve of public money. Once the fund has run out someone who is deserving of the funding may then have to look elsewhere for help and may find themselves again being denied access to justice. Because Conditional Fee Arrangement works on a no win, no fee basis many Solicitors will not want to take on cases that are not likely to be successful and as a result denying the individual access to justice. Because of this certain legal problems such as clinical negligence have to be state funded because they are more likely to be unsuccessful.Another major disadvantage is that many solicitors who carry out Conditional Fee Arrangement will not take on a case unless the individual has taken out insurance against losing. However many cannot afford the insurance premiums, this again throws up the problem of many people being denied access to justice because of these kind of circumstances. Having said that it has now become harder to gain access to public money in order to fund a civil claim. Two tests have now been introduced, the merits test and the means test.These tests are used to see if a civil claim deserves to be funded and how likely it is to be successful, this makes it a lot harder for people to get legal aid for civil cases. The quality of justice has been described by the Citizens Advice Bureau CAB as appalling ever since the claims management companies CMCs have started to act as middlemen for lawyers and clients in setting up a Conditional Fee Arrangement in personal injury c ases. Claims management companies CMCs use hard-selling marketing tactics which pressures victims into entering into a contract with them.Often, they start by saying that they do not need to come out with a cent in seeking compensation but later on in some tiny footnotes they would write that the client may be subject to some payment. Essentially, not paying a cent is true, where legal costs is concerned, but damages are not always enough to pay back the interest rates of applying for a bank loan, which was meant to supply the insurance premiums. Because of the straightforwardness of some cases, some lawyers also take advantage of the situation to drag the case so that they may be paid more legal fees.Many consumers have complained that Conditional Fee Arrangement cases are so inefficient that they find it hard to resume their daily lives. Some straightforward cases were said to take up to months. The one-way cost shifting is also a disadvantage for the defendant. If the defendant h as failed to take up before the event insurance BTE, then he might find himself burdened with high legal costs from the other party when he loses. What is worse is that he also has to pay the other party’s success fee, which means he could be paying up to 2 times the price of a normal fee.This is not fair to the defendant. Another issue is that the defendant cannot control the legal costs of the other party and explained earlier this could be abused. Statistics have shown that the market for before the event insurance BTE is still very premature and hence defendants ending up bankrupt as a result of Conditional Fee Arrangements are a reality. Contingency fees do not guarantee civil justice, or even access to the courts. Lawyers sometimes â€Å"cherry pick† only the strongest claims which are most likely to succeed. Not all cases are immediately transparent.Some require extensive investigation before the chances of success can be properly assessed. Such cases might be t urned away because even the initial assessment of their strength is costly and risky. Next, we look at the former aims of Conditional Fee Arrangements. Conditional Fee Arrangements were meant to help those who were too poor for legal advice but failed the means test for legal aid. Recent cases such as Campbell v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd have seemed to imply that Conditional Fee Arrangements are available to just about anyone.This issue was brought up in the London Seminar as they said that for â€Å"Hollywood actress Sharon Stone, footballer Ashley Cole, supermodel Naomi Campbell†¦ none of these were seen denied justice on financial ground†. While this does not seem to bring about any problems since it is still applied as a Conditional Fee Arrangements, what we are introducing is a whole new culture of people who tries to take advantage of a no-risk system to earn a quick buck. In the case of Campbell, Naomi sued for breach of confidence, and earned ?3500.To note this case, it was also â€Å"mortifying to find that†¦ they (MGM) were made to pay legal costs in the sum of ?1,086,295. 47†. Lastly, on the point of abuse, it seems that lawyers doing Conditional Fee Arrangements are paid better hourly rates than a normal lawyer. Based on statistics, a Conditional Fee Arrangements lawyer easily earns 103-115% of the normal lawyer fee based in London. Because their demand is not cost-led, it is easy to see instances of over-claiming and over charging of fees.The Jackson Report this year has led to many changes to the Conditional Fee Arrangements scheme and though the effects have not been felt there has been much feedback. For one, the Conditional Fee Amendment Act 2010 aims to reduce the success fee from 100% to 10% maximum. This is something targeted to help the defendant as there has been much feedback that success fees are perverse to a point of landing people into bankruptcy. However, many such as the Law Society and the Manchester Law Society have spoken up for the lawyers saying that the 100% success fee should maintain.Many lawyers also seem to object to this move. This goes on the grounds that it is important that there are incentives for lawyers to do Conditional Fee Arrangements work. After all, if they lose the case, they are not paid, and these lawyers are really gambling out there. Based on my opinion, what this amendment does will cause severe repercussions. This will not stop the problem of cherry-picking. Rather, it will result in more cherry-picking because there is a tendency to do almost no-risk work.Also, this would mean that many people would lose the option to enter into a Conditional Fee Arrangements as supplier base would probably decrease due to less sure-win cases. Next, to look at the problem of dragging cases to increase profits, this might actually persist and get worse in order to earn more. Hence I would feel that this is an effort, despite its good intentions, that would be difficult to bear fruit. Secondly, there is a proposal to shift costs from the defendant to the claimant. Rather than bearing the full cost, it is suggested that the success fee be paid by the claimant.Courts have shown an apprehensive attitude towards this as the adversarial system has always been one that has a principle that the losers should pay the winner’s cost. This again is a move aimed to help the defendants. However, having this in play would mean that the claimants have less damage to recover. Yet, to look at it from another perspective, this would mean that lawyers can now no longer abuse success fee setting. It would shift the demand of this market to the hands of the claimants. In a way, this provides competition, keeping success fees low and efficient.It would also solve the problem of case dragging, since lawyers would be pressured by claimants not to take so much time. Although this means more lawyers would exit the market because of low profits, I would feel that it is still an advantage as it increases efficiency and cost. In conclusion, there are many disadvantages and little advantages of the old Conditional Fee Arrangements system as I have researched and analyzed but the new reforms by the Jackson Report might actually be able to solve some of those disadvantages so that Conditional Fee Arrangements become a good substitute for legal aid.

Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Outsourcing - Essay Example The location comes into it when the third party operates from beyond the borders making it off shore outsource process. The process of off shore on the other hand pertains to relatively large scale hand over of resources and other functions. There are number of salient features to this concept and these include restoring function, crisis management, economic utility, broader options and variety of field selection. The potential downsides to it include more hassle of handling the global operations, ensuring for overall safety of operations and other potential embezzlements and privacy breaches. The given concepts do bring along trends of cross cultural interaction as well. India in this regard serves as a hub towards the growing outsourced market. India’s I.T based sector is seeing a gradual expansion in this regard. Business Process Outsourcing’ (BPO) is another generic concept which pertains to the outsource practices in numerous disciplines. It entails the business engagement activities between the stakeholders. (Sharma 2004). Another understanding of BPO is making use of the modern techniques and technology for an overall better output yield. BPO stands distinctive from the generally prevailing off shore outsource process. Application Service Provider’ (ASP) is an aided tool in the entire process where BPO entails a whole set of digital system including state of the art web browsers and other online databases. Incorporating BPO against ASP brings about element of risk to the incumbent organization in authority. The outsourced entities and domains within the organizations that are subjected to the practices of outsource and off shore business ventures include the ones that are in front line of action in the organization, namely the information system based networks, the human resource aspect which brings about the cultural context, the financial handling aspect. In short the BPO enables keeping a regular check upon

Scenario of judgement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scenario of judgement - Essay Example Emotional management is a self-explanatory term, however very difficult for a teen to understand. The emotions mixed with hormones create a nearly impossible to control mix of impulsivity and emotional uproar. This makes it much more likely for a teen to act on a whim, particularly when it comes to sex. The stigma attached to sex is overwhelming, and the teen in this situation cannot contain them, as their ability to manage these feelings is underdeveloped. Emotional perception and expression is the capacity to understand and recognize one’s own emotions, as well as the emotions of others, whether they are positive or negative. Teens in general have great difficulty in controlling their emotions. In this scenario, the girl thinks that she is â€Å"in love† with her boyfriend, but the most probable emotions that she is feeling are lust, as these physical and mental feelings are new and exciting. Also within this teen’s immaturity, she likely will not have a very h igh level of emotional understanding. This complex ability involves being capable of labeling emotions with words, comprehend the source and consequence of these new emotions and distinguish the connections in them. Teens’ emotions are highly volatile, often experiencing feelings WISE JUDGMENT SCENARIO 2 that they do not understand, or have a feasible explanation as to why these emotions are occurring in them. In this scenario, the teen girl believes she is â€Å"in love†, and is thus considering having sex without a firm grasp on the consequences of this sensation. This young teen girl’s emotional facilitation of thought can be used to contain these emotions, to allow her to make a better, decision that is more thoughtful. However, in all likelihood, she is simply too immature emotionally to be able to use this emotional facilitation. A very important characteristic of emotional intelligence is the ability for the teen to understand her diverse and often contra dictory feelings. These changes over the course of time in every individual, and it is doubtful that she will have a solid grasp of this concept until she is older and more emotionally mature. Within the realm of successful intelligence, Robert Sternberg (1996) believes that to be successful, you must think well creatively, practically, and analytically. Creative thinking is an inborn trait, in my opinion, that varies by individual. While some are creative in an abstract way, others’ creativity is more tangible. For many teens faced with the aspect of having sex, their creative thought often steers them to find a way to get away with it. The scenario of teens having sex is not a sign of practical thought processes. Given that their emotions and hormones are erratic, they are generally irrational thinkers, only giving cause for thought to the act of sex, not about the consequences of following through with it. In addition, on a practical level, most teens do not give much thou ght to the potential outcomes of having sex, such as a sexually transmitted disease or pregnancy. Analytical thinking is a difficult task for many teens, as it involves taking an in-depth WISE JUDGMENT SCENARIO 3 look at the situation, then making a decision. Given that teens are overall impulsive and irrational, analytical thought probably will not come to fruition in their minds until it is too late. Wisdom is a trait that comes with maturity, as being wise allows the

Research paper on animal cruelty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research paper on animal cruelty - Essay Example Gianotto is revealing how widespread animal cruelty is, costing the lives of hundreds of animals a day, and thousands a year. Unfortunately, there are many people that attempt to condone their actions when they abuse animals, but when it comes to animals, they should be treated no different than human beings. Though there are many causes to animal cruelty, the greatest reason that abuse occurs is because there are many people that regard animals as being less than worthy of proper care and support. It is believed that animals cannot think, feel, or respond as humans are able to, and should therefore not be treated with respect. There are other people that think that animals exist solely to help humans obtain certain needs, such as food or clothing. They are materials and resources, but nothing more than that. Though they may not be able to speak and tell us how they feel or what they are experiencing, if an animal is wrongfully treated, it is still affected by it. It hurts and it suf fers from our negligent actions. Animals are living, breathing creatures, just like human beings, and they are capable of responding in similar ways to pain and neglect. They also have their own needs that need to be met to ensure their survival. To say that they are unlike human beings and are below us is completely inaccurate. As aforementioned, there are a variety of ways in which an animal can experience animal cruelty, which can be divided up into two categories: neglect and abuse. One of the most common forms of animal cruelty, especially in residential situations, is neglect. When an animal, usually a pet, is neglected, the owners are not doing their part in making sure that their pet is getting the necessities, such as food, water, and a proper environment to protect them from the various weather elements. If it is over one hundred degrees outside, the owner should accommodate so that their pet does not die from the heat. If a pet does die from conditions such as these, the owner has committed animal cruelty. Keeping a pet becomes a chore to these people, and many even regard pets as just that. However, it should be the other way around. If a family brings in a pet, they are bringing it in as a new family member, and that pet should be treated as such. Animal abuse consists of many things, ranging from physically abusing an animal, much as a person would physically abuse a child, to housing dogs in puppy mills. Physically abusing an animal involves beating them, kicking or hitting them, with such unnecessary force that the animal becomes injured. Puppy mills are â€Å"commercial dog breeding facilities that are [...] often in substandard conditions regarding the wellbeing of dogs in their care (Swartz).† In a puppy mill, dogs are kept in close quarters, which are often tiny cages with hardly space to move. They are not let out, but are left to live in their own filth and without the proper food, water, and attention that they need. To these peop le, animals are simply objects or else nuisances, even though the person has the choice of whether or not they keep that animal. Instead, when they bring home an animal that they no longer love, they stop caring for it and making sure that its needs are met. The fault is that of the owner, but it is the animal that gets the consequences. Other forms of animal cruelty under the category of abuse includes, though is by no means

Secularism in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Secularism in the UK - Essay Example In a society such as Britain, the Church and the State are relatively separate and there are a wide variety of non-religious cultural institutions (such as the mass media, education and so forth). In this society, it is relatively easy to remain culturally untouched by religion and religious belief seems to be more a matter of individual choice than cultural necessity. In UK secular society may be seen as largely the product of the Christian West. With the possible exception of some brief periods in the history of ancient Greece and of the Roman Empire in its hey-day, there have been few secular societies in the whole course of human development in the world. In most societies religion has been closely woven into the whole fabric of society, determining its structure and the pattern of men's ideas and goals; religious images have been dominant in men's imaginations and formed the focus of their culture in its widest sense. (Edward, 2000, 151-67) The dominance of religion has often me ant the domination of priests and theologians or the impositions of the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Disputes about power have become disputes about religious systems and still today such issues lurk behind many of our disputes within Europe, and between Europe and the rest of the world.A secular society is one which explicitly refuses to commit itself as a whole to any particular view of the nature of the universe and the place of man in it. The State neither requires a subscription to any particular doctrines nor overt forms of religious behavior as a condition for claiming full rights as a citizen; furthermore, it does not in any significant sense attach itself to any church or religion. Clearly in Britain today the existence of two established churches, and the requirements of Biblical instruction in schools, as well as the favoured position of the established churches in the universities and the favoured position of all the Christian churches in the national broadcasting system, m ight be taken to suggest that Britain is not a secular society.

Learning Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Learning Styles - Essay Example In this model there are five ways that our brain processes: Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Gustatory, and Olfactory. According to Ellerton (2003), "these modalities are the primary ways we represent, code, store and give meaning or language (linguistic) to our experiences". (par. 1). However, we work with the Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic (VAK) areas most of the time, according to this model. The model states that we use more than one of these VAKS, depending on what we are doing. For instance, when we listen to music, we are feeling the music (kinesthetic), listening to it (auditory) and some picture is coming to mind (visual). Usually one of these is a "preferred" mode for a learner to use. Individuals have the ability to move from one to the other easily. According to this model Visual learners tend to be neat because they want to "look good." Their decision making tends to use visualization and they have insights that they share. They remember faces more than names and they want to see the big picture (Ellerton, 2003, par. 8). The auditory learner falls into two categories, either the Auditory Tonal or the Auditory Digital learner. The Auditory Tonal spends time listening to the tone of a persons voice and are paying attention to the total voice inflection. They are verbal processors and like to think out loud as they are working through a problem (Ellerton, 2003, par. 9). Auditory Digital learners usually are more thinkers and tend to work things out in their mind rather than on paper. It is more important for them to memorize "steps, procedures and sequences" (Ellerton, 2003, par. 11). Kinesthetic learners will use their senses of feeling to get in touch with their learning. They learn best by moving, touching and feeling. They also make decisions based on their feelings (Ellerton, 2003, par. 12). The Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality test

Response and Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response and Summary - Essay Example She adds that it can help people become healthier too by reducing stress and anxiety. Likewise, it may improve creativity because people have more time to think about improving different work aspects. Damon believes that, though a three-day weekend break sounds great, reality indicates that people are â€Å"going the other way,† working longer than shorter hours per week. He adds that discipline and â€Å"benevolent employer[s]† are important for a four-day week to work (â€Å"GlobalNews†). She agrees that benevolent employers understand that employees are human beings who need extra time out. She further notes that retention rates may also increase if employees think that their employers are concerned of their general welfare. High retention rates mean lower employment costs that arise due to high employee turnout. The strengths of the claims of the speaker are its promotion of a shorter week’s benefits to individuals and societies and provision of examples of companies/nations that practice it. By promoting various benefits, Lyall may convince more organizations to implement it. In addition, through giving examples of companies and nations applying it, it underlines its popularity that may increase its acceptability for other firms. The weakness of the claims is that a shorter work week alone is not enough to attain its benefits. It may not improve the economy if people are not disciplined enough to finish their work on time. It cannot enhance work-life balance too if people bring their work to their homes. It could also hardly advance gender equality, if many people continue to think that only women must perform traditional roles and responsibilities. Despite this weakness, I agree with Lyall that a four-day week can have social and economic benefits. It means being more productive because I can focus on working more efficiently. It also gives economic advantages because I have lesser expenses in going to work. Three days of weekend

The Nurse' Responsability in the Prevention of Medical Errors Essay - 1

The Nurse' Responsability in the Prevention of Medical Errors - Essay Example Errors can happen at any part of the healthcare organization. Understanding that errors take place, learning from such mistakes, and putting an effort to avoid potential or future errors embodies an important development in the healthcare system, a transition from a culture of sanctions and ‘pointing fingers’ to examination of the underlying reasons for errors and techniques to enhance procedures and mechanisms. All healthcare providers have a part in guaranteeing a safe environment for staffs and patients. This essay specifies four strategies on how nurses can prevent medication errors, namely, (1) knowing their patients, (2) knowing the medications, (3) communicating, (4) dealing carefully with medications that look and sound the same. Introduction Nurses carry out several of the major chores in medical or clinical settings; they are usually assigned to most patient services. Due to their substantial interaction with patients, nurses have the opportunity to serve a maj or function in the discovery of medical errors and the growth of a safe medical environment. This essay discusses four measures that nurses can take in order to prevent medical errors, namely, (1) knowing their patients, (2) knowing the medications, (3) communicating, (4) dealing carefully with medications that look and sound the same. Four Strategies to Prevent Medical Errors Researchers have reported that avoidable harmful medical errors take place because the nurse does not sufficiently know the patient (e.g. knowledge of a patient’s adverse reaction to several drugs) before prescribing and administering medications. Thoroughly and accurately knowing details about the patient allows nurses to identify needed and correct medications and procedures. Details like medical history, allergies, vital signs, and others are crucial in the process of monitoring the results of medications and the causal health condition (Yarbro, Wujcik, & Gobel, 2010). The nurse should properly infor m the pharmacist so that s/he can correctly identify and prepare all the prescribed medications. However, solely knowing the patient is not sufficient to avoid a medical error. The nurse should make sure of the identity of the patient before administering a medication. According to Yarbro and colleagues (2010), this can be done by making use of two patient markers, in addition to the room number of the patient. Staying up to date with new medications is vital. Being ignorant or uninformed about new medications can be as dangerous as not adequately knowing the patient. Almost all major medical errors take place because the patient obtains the incorrect medication or dosage. Mistakes in administering medication dosage often happen because of inaccuracy or miscommunication (Garber, Gross, & Slonim, 2009). In order for a nurse to acquire the latest details about medications, s/he should make use of a variety of sources (e.g. medication administration documents, dosing guidelines, drug p rocedures, textbooks, and constant communication with the pharmacists (Garber et al., 2009). Nurses should also regularly inform their patients about changes or new developments in their medications. Miscommunication is identified as a primary root of medical errors. It may be caused by the following. First is the lack of

Google in China Case Study Essay Example for Free

Google in China Case Study Essay In the case study presentation regarding the Google Company there have been many challenges that have arisen during the growth of the global leader. One of those challenges is in regards to the penetration of the largely available market in China. Google has a mission â€Å"to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.† (Closing Case: Google in China) Google has constructed a largely profitable advertising business that piggy backs its search engine; which by far is the largest in the world. Using a business model called pay-per-click; advertisers pay Google each time a user of the search engine clicks on one of the paid links that are usually listed on the right hand side of engines results page. These are the paid links and are not included in the main search results generated by Google. The Move In order to penetrate a larger market and further increase popularity Google began running a Chinese language service in 2000 for the largest country on the planet; even though the service was operated from the United States. In 2002, Chinese authorities blocked the site. The people that would have been using Google’s search engine were directed to a Chinese rival search engine company. This came as a huge surprise to Google’s managers. When this occurred the co-founder of Google quickly ordered several books on China and began studying in order to understand its vast country and its culture. In just two weeks’ time the services were restored in China. It appeared that this had just come out of nowhere. It was reported by Chinese users that politically sensitive material sites were no longer accessible. This gave way to the suggestion that the Chinese government had begun monitoring search activities more aggressively. This also generated the suggestion that the Chinese government had constructed a giant firewall between Chinese internet and the internet in the rest of the world allowing the Chinese government to block any sites that were deemed insurrectionary. Due to the fact that serving the Chinese from the United States was incredibly slow and the new censorship imposition was ruing search results Google decided it was time for some change. In a new mindset of operations Google decided to open up a site in China using Chinese management and employees and even a Chinese home page. The Culture and Conclusion It appeared that the cultural divide between Google and China caused some misunderstandings to take place; this in-turn caused some serious offenses to be made. Chinese government did what it felt needed to be done in order to keep the divide between government and citizenship as strong as it has always been. Realizing that it had crossed the line, the search giant Google decided to move its Chinese operations overseas. Google was faced with two choices, they could give up China or and lose over 100 million users, a number that rapidly increases every year, or operate out of China and respect the culture. Now that Google is up and operating in China, even though they have to provide a slightly more less lucrative service, they have provided a small notation for every site that has been blocked once the search results show up; a service no other provider gives. References Closing Case: Google in China; by International Business. Competing in the Global Marketplace, Seventh Edition Chapter 4: Ethics in International Business: by Charles W. L. Hill copyright  © 2009 McGraw-Hill, a business unit of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader.aspx

Biographical and Psychological Strategies Essay Example for Free

Biographical and Psychological Strategies Essay Often, people would resolve into using the biographical strategy when they come into a dead end in trying to interpret a work. This is what I like about this particular strategy because it can provide answers to unanswered questions that are not possible to be derived from the work alone. Sometimes, a look at the life of the author helps in understanding a piece of literature. Some say that is a lazy man’s approach into interpreting a text but that does not mean that it is not an effective way. I believe that in all works, there is always a piece of the author in their writings, making this strategy a valid one. We simply cannot deny the fact that the works of an author are almost always influenced by his experiences. I also like how this approach becomes investigative in nature because of the â€Å"digging† of information for the authors’ lives. What I Don’t Like About Psychological Strategies Unlike biographical strategies, psychological strategies do not quite get me that excited. This strategy urges critics to look for â€Å"symbolic† meanings in every work which just complicate things. Though I understand the importance of symbols in literature, this strategy can sometimes be used too much and give symbolism into things and events that are not even meant by the author to have symbols. Though this might contradict my likeness for biographical strategies, I believe that events should (at least most of the time) stand on their own. Another thing that I do not like about psychological strategies is the Oedipus complex theory; it is just far too taboo for me to think of such things. Speaking of theory, this is what mostly this strategy is based on—theory, which means, it is not as reliable as a biographical approach because the latter is based on the lives of the authors, not on speculated ideas.

Continuing Professional Development In HRM

Continuing Professional Development In HRM In this essay the author presents a critical evaluation of the four stages of the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) cycle as a tool to support her CPD in Human Resource Management (HRM). The CPD process can be carried out by undertaking step-by-step process (see, Figure 1). However, the basis for most training remains the traditional training process system (see Figure2). Thus, we will use the traditional training process system for our analysis. Defining the CPD poses an interesting problem although a number of eminent researchers and organisation have categorised the different approaches. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) define CPD as the need for individuals to keep up to date with rapidly changing knowledge (Website 1). Other organisations refer to structured processes to maintain, develop and enhance skills, knowledge and competence both professionally and personally in order to improve performance at work (Website 2). The Chartered Institute of Management (Website 3) states that Effective CPD is a commitment to professionalism it shows that you have taken personal responsibility for ensuring that you have the skills and knowledge necessary to meet the challenges of an ever changing world. The process should benefit the individual, and also the business as a whole. Evaluation of the four stages of the CPD cycle The traditional training process system (see Figure2) of CPD cycle comprises four main steps: 1) Identifying development needs, i.e., identifying training and learning needs; 2) devising a learning plan prioritizing needs and selecting appropriate activities; 3) undertaking development activities and; 4) recording and evaluating outcomes (Megginson Whitaker, 2007). Now, if we consider the contents of the MSc in HRM, in relation to the CPD cycle and the authors approach to achieving her goals, i.e., completing the MSc in HRM with at-least merit pass for most modules together with appropriate particle experiences. The first step is that identifying development needs. According to Inglis (1994) identifying development needs means developing an Extraordinary Realistic Self Image (ERSI), which should consist the elements of work it self, reflection by self, feedback from others, individual psychometric self -diagnostic measures, organizational metrics and professional metrics. Moreover in the case of individual identifying development needs includes, feedback from others, self-assignment, reflection, personal professional congruence and aspirations / dreams. In this case, the author as an individual, taking all the above factors into consideration she set up her development needs as follows; by studying MSc in HRM she wish to develop her ability to make an effective contribution at a strategic level in todays rapidly changing organizational contexts, internally or externally. She also wants to learn more about the effective management and utilization of human resources in organizations. By the end of this course, she hope to achieve more knowledge about strategic perspective and operational perspective, also she would like to gain more knowledge and skills to motivate and manage employees, and become a reflective practitioner in this specialist field, so-called human resources management, and develop a strategic understanding of HRM in relation to organizational processes. At present the author is only an affiliate member of the CIPD and by the end of the course she aims to gain graduate membership of the CIPD and in the long time her as pirations is to become a fellow of CIPD. Now, she needs some criterion for deciding which of these needs should be given priority. In relation to this Stephen Covey (1990) emphasized the need to focus on the areas that are important and non-urgent. Megginson (1994) created a framework called SPICE, which covers a range of areas and has a memorable acronym. SPICE involves setting goals in the areas of spirit, physical, intellect, career and emotion. Another model presented by Hawkins (1999), so-called BEST model suggests that we can set goals that get the best out of us if we look for goals that help us to: Broaden move us into new areas; Enjoy get us doing more of the things that we love; Stretch take us into new areas, doing more, facing bigger challenges; Think -challenge our understanding and mastery, demanding deeper insight. The next framework to take into account is the modes model discussed in Boydell and Leary (1996). Each mode has certain key characteristics and strengths, and the large movements of our life, wh en we notice that we are viewing the world from a radically different perspective are about moving from one mode to the next. Figure 3 briefly describes each of the modes, which may help to identify where we stand in our development. The model begins at the bottom and as we develop we work up through the modes over the years. The author is adopting the BEST (Broaden, Enjoy, Stretch, Think) model for prioritizing her needs and selecting appropriate activities, it is in her view that this model is more appropriate to her case. Because, undertaking the MSc in HRM she gains more knowledge and skills in the field of HRM. She is enjoying doing the course and doing more of the things she love. On the other hand the course is quite a challenging one due to the nature of the course contents and the mode of study (i.e., full time) also the time constrain is a big factor. Thus, she is stretching her self to balance the professional and personal life. However, her desire to think ahead and fulfill her ambitions allows her to face the challenges and demanding her to do more to get a deeper insight of the subjects. Now, moving on to undertaking development activities, these should be in the form of professional work-based activities (e.g. work project and new task), courses conferences (e.g. CIPD branch meetings), and self-directed informal learning (e.g. reading, action learning and reflective diary). In relation to this the author is engaged in professional work-based activities via work-placement, which allows her to use the theories into practices that she learned though formal lectures and further readings. Moreover her self-directed informal learning such as readings, allows her to use wider theoretical concepts into her assignments, exams, and practical activities. This allows optimizing her knowledge and skills, as well as achieving her goals with confidences. Recording and evaluating outcomes the process of writing helps us to distil experiences, recognize patterns and discern trends. It enables us to remember what has gone before and capture lessons for the future. It can also be kept for CIPD upgrading applications (Megginson Whitaker, 2007). The author has included an evidence of her own reflecting back Continuing Professional Development (CPD) record and moving forward plan, which spans the period of her MSc in HRM taught programme and plan for further development. She was very pleased about her overall performance so far, but it is in her own view that she could have done even better in one or two subjects, however due to time constrains and other factors which are beyond her control made it difficult to perform on a highest level for those two subjects. Thus, for the future tasks, she will prepare well by reading wide range of materials including lectures notes and gathering vital information from varies sources, for example, this is particularly very important for her dissertation that will be the immediate future task for her. Furthermore, better manage the time and plan ahead early as possible, and she believes that will leads to the better outcome. So far, the authors approach to formal educational CPD activities (MSc in HRM) explained generally with respect to CPD cycle. Now, she considers the whole CPD process by identifying further needs to journey through the CPD cycle again. With respect to MSc in HRM, assessing her current skills, she studied wide range of HRM functions, models and methods used in organisations. Through these studies she is now able to analyse and critically assess the function of the manager and organisation based management structures alongside the role of human resource management within a range of organisational settings. The authors able to demonstrate a critical understanding of a range of methods and models used in organisation and business analysis from the perspective of human resource management. She have an idea of how leadership developments and how learning development is functioning in an organization (e.g. coaching, and e-learning) and how is the annual pay review managed and application of Performance Related Payment (PRP) system worked; also an up-to date information about current legislations; the employee communications and how the people resourcing strategies managed. Thus, she has insight knowledge of wider area of Human Resource Management (HRM). Moreover the author is able to demonstrate a theoretical and critical understanding of the actors, context, mechanisms, processes, and procedures that regulate and shape the employment relationship, including an appreciation of the contrasting perspectives and interpretations within employment relations. Furthermore, she can demonstrate critical understanding and analytical awareness of how employment relations concepts, policies and practices are applied within organisations to contribute to the management of people and organisational performance. As she reflecting on the outcomes, it is her view that she need to apply the knowledge and skills gained over the year through her studies. However, it is important to note that the author developed her HR skills in the area of Employee Relations (ER) through the work placement; it has strengthened her ability through project management in real life situation. Recommendations As the CPD cycle continue throughout her professional life, for the authors immediate future practices the following activities are recommended. Firstly, drafting a realistic moving forward plan, this should contain the key areas of development, that has to be achieved in the next year or so, and a time scale for the review of professional development needs. Secondly, networking and improved communications with academic and industrial communities within the HRM field is greatly encouraged. This allows her to exchange ideas and other information for optimised performances for her self and the organisation. Finally, continuing work based training is recommended for long-term development of her career. Summary In this essay critical evaluation of the authors approach to the formal educational learning CPD activity (i.e. the MSc in HRM) with reference to the various stages of engagement with the CPD cycle is presented. Conducting this formal educational learning activity the author seeks to broaden and deepen her awareness of the topic of Human Resource management, knowledge and skills. The course covers theory as well as practical applications (i.e., through the work-placement), and lead to a qualification (MSc in HRM). Within the context of CPD process, the authors reflection on her own CPD from both a practical and a theoretical point of view are presented. Furthermore, the authors motivation, engagement and management activities related to the MSc in HRM scheme are described. Finally some recommendations are suggested for the authors future practice.

Jimmy Carters Presidency :: Free Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Earl Carter Jr. had become the 39th president of the United States in 1976. The Democrat and once Georgia senator had promised to bring a fresh, new approach to the White House in hopes to break people’s doubts about the presidency that were left from the Nixon/Ford era. In the election of 1976 Carter squeaked by the republican, Gerald Ford by a 49.9% vote to a 46.9% vote.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carter had differed greatly from all of the previous presidents in several ways. He brought a more informal, â€Å"homey† feeling to the White House. Instead of the tradition suit wearing he wore jeans around the White House and once gave a speech on national TV. At first this was liked by the American public, but his image later suffered because he dropped the ceremonial style of the presidency.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carter had made many advances in his foreign policy. To resolve the conflict in the Middle East, he invited Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt and Menachem Begin of Israel to sign the Camp David Accords. Under the accords it was agreed that Israel would pull out of the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for Egypt’s recognizing them as a country. Carter also had made a deal with the Panamanian government on the situation of the Panama Canal. It was agreed upon that the canal would be given back to Panama in 2000. Relations with China and Russia were also improved upon during Carter’s presidency. There was one situation that had permanently damaged Carter’s reputation and ruined his chances of re-election. This was the Iran hostage situation. The former ruler of Iran was given medical treatment in the U.S. This had angered the people of Iran and they stormed the U.S. embassy, taking all of the people working there hostage. This lasted for 400 days and destroyed Carter’s reputation politically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his presidency, Carter had several problems domestically. There was an oil shortage, forcing gas prices to skyrocket. Jimmy Carter's Presidency :: Free Essays   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Earl Carter Jr. had become the 39th president of the United States in 1976. The Democrat and once Georgia senator had promised to bring a fresh, new approach to the White House in hopes to break people’s doubts about the presidency that were left from the Nixon/Ford era. In the election of 1976 Carter squeaked by the republican, Gerald Ford by a 49.9% vote to a 46.9% vote.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carter had differed greatly from all of the previous presidents in several ways. He brought a more informal, â€Å"homey† feeling to the White House. Instead of the tradition suit wearing he wore jeans around the White House and once gave a speech on national TV. At first this was liked by the American public, but his image later suffered because he dropped the ceremonial style of the presidency.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carter had made many advances in his foreign policy. To resolve the conflict in the Middle East, he invited Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt and Menachem Begin of Israel to sign the Camp David Accords. Under the accords it was agreed that Israel would pull out of the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for Egypt’s recognizing them as a country. Carter also had made a deal with the Panamanian government on the situation of the Panama Canal. It was agreed upon that the canal would be given back to Panama in 2000. Relations with China and Russia were also improved upon during Carter’s presidency. There was one situation that had permanently damaged Carter’s reputation and ruined his chances of re-election. This was the Iran hostage situation. The former ruler of Iran was given medical treatment in the U.S. This had angered the people of Iran and they stormed the U.S. embassy, taking all of the people working there hostage. This lasted for 400 days and destroyed Carter’s reputation politically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his presidency, Carter had several problems domestically. There was an oil shortage, forcing gas prices to skyrocket.

Future of an Illusion by Sigmund Freud Essay -- Future Illusion Sigmun

Future of an Illusion by Sigmund Freud In his book Future of an Illusion, Sigmund Freud utilizes his method of psychoanalysis on religion by comparing the relationship between human and religion to that of a child and his parents. Freud effectively demonstrates that religion is a product of the human mind. After exposing religion as a an illusion, Freud concludes that humanity will be better off when it has forgone religion. This paper will argue that Freud's assertion that religion is an illusion is correct because of it's blatantly traceable evolution through the history of the human civilization and psyche.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first argument that Freud makes in his assault on religion regards civilization. Freud argues that human civilization arose as a result of mankind's needs to protect itself from nature. "It was precisely because of these dangers with which nature threatens us that we came together and created civilization." (Freud, 19) As a result of the need for organization and manpower to prepare defenses against nature, the instincts of man had to be controlled. He furthers this argument by saying that two human traits, laziness and the unwilling nature of the masses to listen to reason, are responsible for the necessity of the rule of law. Freud then describes the various methods of oppression that can be employed by civilization to halt instinctual privation. The most important of which he points out as being religion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main reason that Freud ranks rel...

The Psychology of the Serpent in D.H. Lawrences Snake Essay -- Lawren

The Psychology of the Serpent in D.H. Lawrence's 'Snake'      Ã‚  Ã‚   Less than 17% of the world's snakes are poisonous and less than half of these are dangerous to man. The risk of death as a result of snakebite is, in fact, lower than the risk of being struck by lightning (Pinney 138). Nonetheless, cross-culturally and throughout the world, the snake is an object of fascination, fear, and respect for humankind. The serpent is a source of symbolic speculation, as it appears in myth, dream, literature, and religion. In nature or otherwise, "it is impossible to approach the creature innocently" (Morgenson 3). As D.H. Lawrence's poem, "Snake", suggests, the snake's invoked power in not a result of any physiological aspect of the snake's chemistry, but rather a consequence of the psychological symbol that defines the snake's being. Like many of Lawrence's nature poems, Barbara Hardy classifies "Snake" as "anthropomorphic", composing the snake as a creature in itself, but "through the images of human experience" (43). Lawrence's serpent is car efully constructed with a sense of immediacy and harsh reality, but it is through the eyes and experience of the human narrator that the reader comes to understand the snake. More importantly, the reader comes to understand the pure necessity, and the pure immorality, of subconscious symbolism and judgement. The snake provokes both terror and respect.    Aside from the reality of a mysterious, occasionally poisonous predator is the archetypal image of the serpent, latent with mythological, biblical, and historical symbols. Among the most common phobias is ophiaphobia, or fear of snakes, despite the unlikeliness of one to encounter a snake in the urban world (Rapoport 195). Lawrence, though ... ...s Cited Hardy, Barbara. "D.H. Lawrence's Self-Consciousness." D.H. Lawrence in the Modern World. Ed. Peter Preston and Peter Hoare. New York: Cambridge UP, 1989. 27-46. Hobsbaum, Philip. A Reader's Guide to D.H. Lawrence. London: Thames and Hudson, 1981. Lawrence, D.H. "Snake." The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Major Authors. 6th ed. Ed. M.H. Abrams, et al. New York: W.W. Norton, 1996. 2452-54. McGuire, William et al, eds. The Collected Works of C.G. Jung. 5th vol. 2nd ed. Trans. R.F.C. Hull. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1956. Morgenson, Greg. The Serpent's Prayer: The Psychology of an Image. N.D. On-line. Available: http://www.cgjung.com/cgjung/articles/serpent.html. 22 February 1998. Pinney, Roy. The Snake Book. New York: Doubleday, 1981. Rapoport, Judith L. The Boy Who Couldn't Stop Washing. New York: NAL Penguin, 1989.      

Broken Windows, Damaged Gutters, and Police Supervision

For ten years Officer Mike Strzykalski worked with the Merrysville police department utilizing the principle of â€Å"no-nonsense† policing where the productivity of the police officers was governed by meeting quotas with regard to tickets and arrests. For many years this was how the police in Merrysville worked, with a barrier between the police officers and the citizens of the town. This was the way in which the police officers grew accustomed to working, how they evaluated themselves, and how they were evaluated by superiors for promotions.This all ended when Chief Harold Furman came into office. Chief Furman believed in a more progressive form of policing where interaction with the community is encouraged in order to solve problems, make the community a better place, and stop crime. Chief Furman set up mini precincts all over the city in order to make the police force more prominent in their areas, and also introduced a new form of evaluation where the officers were not gr aded on their tickets and arrests but on their community interaction. Quotas became a thing of the past.With the demise of the well known, comfortable evaluation system, the police officers rebelled as they no longer understood the system by which they were to operate. Officer Strzykalski fought these changes until he began to notice damage to houses in the neighborhood which he patrolled. Officer Strzykalski found out that the damage he viewed was the result of gang violence, so he arranged to speak with all of the affected residents privately and in a group setting, assisted in the security and repair of community homes, and related information to the officers investigating gangs that would help to eliminate gang violence.This experience gave Officer Strzykalski a new, reformed opinion on the progressive changes that Chief Furman was making in the department, leading to several commendations for many officers and a promotion for Strzykalski. Obstacles to Reform: When seeking to ma ke a drastic change in the philosophy of many different people concerning not only the way in which they do their job but how they see and approach it creates a type of chaos with those individuals.People as a group are less able to recognize the positive influence of change and as such are more likely to vehemently protest initiating any change. When change is forced on them, they rebel in an attempt to return things to the way in which they are comfortable for the majority of the people involved. Changing from traditional policing to community based policing requires a large amount of change on behalf of the officers because it takes them out of their comfort zone and places them in a position where they are more in control of their job and of how it is done.This control is based on their interactions with the community members as well as open communication with their superiors. There also has to be consideration given to the police officers’ union with regard to what chang es in labor practices the police Chief can make without infringing on the rights of the officers in his command. The main difference in supervision is that the officers are put more in a position of responsibility.Senior officers are used for oversight and administration while lower ranking officers are the ones who are expected to investigate crimes, seek out problems in the community and find effective ways to solve them, as well as to represent community members to the higher ranking officers where previously the officers were simply required to take orders with regards to what crimes to investigate and give out a certain number of tickets a month. The daily supervision of the community falls to the police officers while the supervision of the police officers falls into a more structured hierarchy.Supervision in Community Policing: The benefit to patrol officers in accepting the philosophy of community policing is that the officers are more in control of not only their beats but also their careers. Rather than being completely limited in their career evaluation by numbers concerning tickets and arrests, they are judged based on actual performance in the community, by the efforts that they are making to make their community a better, safer place. These patrol officers are able to voice their concerns and opinions to their supervising officers.They are also better in control of the information that is filtered up through the police hierarchy as well as how crimes and community issues are handled. Though the model is very different from traditional police work, many patrol officers would embrace this kind of change, even if they at first balk at it. The community policing philosophy allows them to better control their careers as well as their involvement in the community. By placing them more in a position of power, the benefits of community policing become more attractive to patrol officers.Frontline supervisors and sergeants should find the concept attractiv e as well because there is more supervisory demands placed on them with regard to other officers, but there is also a more formal structure that is in place which keeps them from being placed under overwhelming pressure. Also many of the supervisory officers’ lesser duties and community duties are placed in the hands of patrol officers which gives the supervisory officers more time to concentrate on other necessary duties.One of the main issues in this system that would face supervisory officers is keeping their patrol officers in line as well as validating the information that comes from those officers to ensure that nothing is being skewed in the best interests of the police rather than in the best interests of the community. Officer Strzykalski: Officer Strzykalski was extremely pessimistic about the change to community policing when it was first introduced to the Merrysville police department.He fought against the changes, however once he was won over by the philosophy St rzykalski became very idealistic about the changes that he and his officers could implement in the community. Strzykalski’s idealism came from the very realistic goals that were being met in the community on his beat as well as the commendations that he and the other officers were receiving for their good work in the community. Since the idealism came from a realistic place based on his experiences, I would not say that Strzykalski was too idealistic, especially taking into consideration his initial rebuking of the change to community policing.I believe that a lot of the fears of patrol officers could be addressed by simply explaining in detail to the officers what the changes are, what they will involved and what the consequences of those changes will be. By having a good understanding of what they are facing, it takes away some of the mystery that shrouds the outcome of the changes. Another way to address the fears of the patrol officers would be to not only state their sup port of the officers throughout the change but to also physically be there to assist the officers as they work through the new responsibilities of their jobs.While it would be impossible for a supervisor to be there on the job with the officers all the time, they can offer one on one coaching to assist the officers in making the transition. Conclusion: Though the patrol officers, particularly the ones that had been a part of the old regime of policing, fought stringently against the changes implemented by the new chief of police, they eventually came to not only accept their new roles as police officers but also to find pride in their work on a different level.Rather than simply being the tools of supervising officers, they became a force of good in their communities, actively seeking out ways in which they could improve life for the citizens rather than just being there to help out after something bad had already happened. This philosophy of police work allowed the officers to be m ore proactive rather than simply reactive when solving crimes.

Idealism: Education and Character Development Essay

Educational Aims In an idealistic education system emphasis should be placed on developing the mind, personal discipline, and character development. A person should be literate and of good moral character. Educational Methods Idealist education involves depth of learning, a holistic approach that involves teaching the whole rather than its parts. The best method of learning for Plato was the dialectic, a process where ideas are put into battle against each other, with the most significant idea winning the battle. Knowledge was not important just for the material needs that it met. Idealists would feel that much of the great literature of the past would be useful in the solving many of today’s problems. The idealist is not concerned with turning out students with technical skills so much as having students with a broad view and understanding of the world in which they live. Idealism emphasizes the role of the teacher, a skillful questioner, who should be a model for the person we want children to become. While the lecture method is still important in an idealist’s education system, it is considered more of a way to convey information and to help students comprehend ideas. Self realization and self education are very important in idealism. While teachers cannot always be present when learning occurs, they must attempt to stimulate students so that learning occurs even when they are not present. Project based learning is on example of a self directed learning activity where learning can occur without a teacher’s presence. Curriculum The important factor in education at any level for idealists is teaching children to think. Teachers should help students to explore texts for ideas about the purposes of life, family the nature of peer pressures, and the problems of growing up. Idealists believe that ideas can change lives and that classical literature can be used and explored to help solve problems in today’s world. Creativity will be encouraged when students immerse themselves in the creative thinking of others and when they are encouraged to reflect. Role of the Teacher Since idealists believe in character development, they also believe that the teacher should be a role model for students to emulate. Teaching is considered a moral calling. The teacher’s role is to be a skillful questioner who encourages students to think and ask more questions in an environment that is suitable for learning. Critiques of Idealism Idealism has been influential in education for a considerable amount of time. It is considered a conservative philosophy because of its emphasis in preserving cultural traditions. The strengths of idealism include encouraging thinking and cognition, promoting cultural learning, and providing for character development of students. Teachers are considered valuable parts of the educational process who should strive to provide a comprehensive, systematic, and holistic approach to learning that stresses self realization. Science today has challenged idealism and brought about challenges to idealistic principles. Science is based on hypothesis and tentativeness, but idealism promotes a finished and absolute universe waiting to be discovered. Idealism has often been linked with traditional religion. The weakening of religion has led to the weakening of idealism as a philosophy. Through Plato’s ruler kings, and Augustine’s emphasis on the monastic life, it has been said that idealism leads to intellectual elitism. In the past, education was considered important for the upper classes of society, marking education as a luxury. Vocational and technical studies were considered good enough for the general public. Idealistic education was considered bookish and lacking relevance. It is argued that the character development aspect of the philosophy involved conformity and subservience on the part of the learner. This type of character development was considered to stifle creativity and self direction, making students gullible and ready to accept ideas without serious examination. Personal Observations The emphasis on the importance of knowledge and ideas in the idealist philosophy originally led me to believe that much of my philosophy of education included idealistic tendencies. James Madison’s quote that knowledge is power, which sits front and center on my class webpage, seems to agree with this premise. Because I believe strongly in project based education as a way to have students discover and learn new information, I also began to view the idealism in my thinking. However, as much as I value these things and continue to believe in the importance of continually gaining knowledge, the fact that I view science and technology as a valued part of all education, sets me apart from the philosophy. While the idealist considered science and technical studies good enough for the general public, I consider them an integral part of any education. However I do believe in the importance of teaching children to think, for not doing so results in children with book learning and no common sense. Should teachers be role models? Yes, I think they should. If I were an adult with no children, I might think differently. However as a parent, I have always been greatly concerned with the people who were my children’s teachers. Teachers have the power to influence the thinking and ideas of children and society in general. Even given regimented curricula to teach, teachers ultimately make decisions everyday about what information to emphasize or deemphasize. I think society also believes that teachers should be role models. Consider the uproar over teachers who have inappropriate relations with the students they teach.

African american case study Essay

David Brown is a 35-year-old African American residing in Brooklyn, New York. He is tall, lean, and professional-looking. He has short curly hair and neatly shaved face. He has been a successful bank manager for five years and his colleagues look up to him with much respect and admiration. But whatever he has now are the fruits of his hardwork and perseverance. David was born on the 25th of February 1972. During this time, racial discrimination was still prolific and their family experienced hard times. They live in the â€Å"ghetto† where drugs, gang wars, and poverty were rampant. Growing up in such an environment was never easy for David and he found it hard to trust his peers because he did not want to get involved in their vices. His mother had to stay at home to attend to his other siblings while his father had two jobs to support their family’s needs. Considering their situation, David was inspired to study hard and he wanted to give his family a better life. After graduating from highschool, he was determined to pursue college and was fortunate enough to be accepted in a known university to study Banking and Finance. College was the biggest challenge for him because first of all, his father had to support him and he had to work as a grocery clerk in a convenient store at night to make ends meet. Due to the color of his skin, David faced discrimination issues. His classmates regarded him as inferior and some even ridiculed him and his peers who were also African Americans. Whenever he felt down and mocked, he would play basketball because this was his outlet in releasing tension and built-up emotions. However, he did not lose his focus and he graduated with flying colors. It took him a while to land on a job since some of the employers were discriminating. After several months, he got a job offer from a banking company as a clerk. He was very happy because he was starting to fulfill his dreams of helping his family. He worked hard and loved this noble profession and eventually, his efforts were seen by his superiors. His determination and dedication made him climb the corporate ladder. Many got insecure and envious when he was promoted to his present managerial position. Some even doubted his leadership skills and capabilities in performing his duties but, David proved them wrong. In time, he was able to win their support and respect.   David is currently at the prime of his life – he is successful and has given his family a better life. He does not have any intimate relationships because he prioritizes his family and work. Considering Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development, David has gone through young adulthood and it appears that his lack of initiative to form intimate relationships lead to isolation. However, he could only be delayed in establishing intimate relationships with the opposite sex because of prioritization of other more important things. As of now, he is in his middle adulthood and it is most likely that he is experiencing psychological stagnation since he is not showing productivity in helping the next generation achieve their goals. Taking Freud’s theory of psychosexual development into consideration, David appears to be fixated in the latency stage because of his self-fulfilling goals and the direction of his energy towards productive activities like work. Though he knows how to socialize, most of his friends are males and he exhibits lack of interest in engaging in close relationships with women (Santrock, 2002). At this point, he should have been married like most people of his age and rearing a family of his own; but as mentioned earlier, David may only be delayed in fulfilling such human functions. References: Santrock, J.W. (2002). Life-Span Development (8th ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill

File Processing Commands

What UID and PID have the highest amount of physical memory a process has used and is not swapped out? Show all processes and full output. †¢ top press f press d press p You'll will find cpu usage in descending order for all processes. †¢If using a long listing and no process modifiers, what is the swap space amount for the bash command? †¢ top -p pidof_bash After typing the above command press A (Capital a). You will see the below output. 1 PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2021 xyz 20 0 XXXXX XXXX 1664 S 0 0. 2 0:00. 43 bash PID PPID TIME+ %CPU %MEM PR NI S VIRT SWAP RES UID COMMAND 2021 2019 0:00. 43 0 0. 2 20 0 S 22132 16m 4952 1000 bash 3 PID %MEM VIRT SWAP RES CODE DATA SHR nFLT nDRT S PR NI %CPU COMMAND 2021 0. 2 22132 16m 4952 XXX XXXX X664 1 0 S 20 0 0 bash4 PID PPID UID USER RUSER TTY TIME+ %CPU %MEM S COMMAND 2021 2019 1000 xyz xyz pts/0 0:00. 43 0 0. 2 S bash Above you can see the swap space. You can also try top -p pidofbash press f pre ss p press enter You'll see the swap space too. †¢When using top command, what command would you use to kill a process? †¢ Press k to kill a process If you were not using top command, what command would you use to kill a process? kill processid killall processname †¢What command would you use to manually mount the standard CD-ROM device /dev/db1 at /media/disk? mount /dev/db1 /media/disk †¢What command would you use to display the amount of available disk space on /dev/db1 in a human readable form? df -h /dev/db1 †¢Type in the command grep – – help to access the help manual. Using this information and the information from the text, how would you write a command to find the pattern 111 in a file called myfile. txt? grep -irna â€Å"111† myfile. txt

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Nursing - Essay Example Hence, mentors would obtain respect from their juniors and a good status though their professional and ethical practices. Evidently, an effective teacher-student communication forms the foundation of education. The teacher should identify his student’s skills and weaknesses through an effective way of communication as this practice is necessary to enhance the overall process of learning. In the same way, the mentor has to design an effective communication approach for each junior colleague according to the colleague’s IQ level. Such a strategy would assist the mentor to pass information on to his juniors in a most effective way. The efficiency of communication between the mentor and the learner determines the duration that the learner would take to achieve better practicing knowledge and skills. In the absence of better mentor-learner communication, a junior nurse (learner) can never attain professional standards or other practicing

Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Autobiography - Essay Example She taught me that people like practical gifts and one should always try to make others happy. My parents were very protective and this gave me less freedom to think of my own. Till my 20s I was under the protection of my parents and had no freedom to make decisions on my own. My father was a jovial man but he was extremely disciplined in his lifestyle. He wanted things in order and demanded the same from us. He was strict and we respected him and looked upon to his ideas and principles. My dad is a person who craved to spend time with us and care for us. I had a happy and pleasant childhood. I was a shy child in early years and got along well with my sisters and brothers. We used to spend most of the time playing games and going to school together and studying in a group. I was more close to my sisters than my brother as he was much younger than us. But we were extremely happy when he was born, as all of us were girls and there was no boy in our family. We were proud to welcome him and took great care of him as our baby brother. I had a happy childhood and had no complaints on it. We as a family often go on vacations and holidays and the memory of the same still remain in my mind. The most refreshing memory was that of the childhood summer vacation to beach in Morocco. I did my high schooling to elementary in Morocco and math was my favorite subject. High school was eventful and very exciting. During my studies I met my best friend who later became part of my family. I did my two year studies in Hassan University with chemistry and physics as main subject. I had to drop my studies due to financial problem and moved to U.S. in 1990s. My significant event was coming to USA in early 1990’s.I met my husband in 1994 and got married in 1996. He was a kind and funny person, but after few years of marriage we became more of friends than husband and wife and divorced in 2003. I always

Black Elk Speaks by John Gneisenau Niehardt Essay

Black Elk Speaks by John Gneisenau Niehardt - Essay Example The power of the play is not simply that it's superbly written drama but that it's all true (Dramatic Publishing Online Catalog)". Theatrical performance of the book has many significant features which determine the character of the play, and these features play rather important role for spectators' perception of the performance. I will discuss the theme and the main concept of the play by Niehardt's book Black Elk, the costumes of main characters and the lighting of the stage in different parts of the play, as well as its some significant moments. I will also access possible participation of some Hollywood actors in this play. 2. The theme of the play is the mix of some important themes of the book. So, it can be a mix of autobiographical theme and elegy, as it tells about tragic destiny of one of the most famous Indian tribes, and American Indians in general. The play should show the most important moments of the novel and to uncover the nature of the narration. The book consists of twenty-five chapters, and it is impossible to show the whole plot of the novel. The main concept of the play is to show the tragedy of Native Americans and to make spectators think of their historical legacy. Naturalism in some moments and symbolism of the whole play will influence spectators' perception of the performance. ... cter of the play is autobiographic narration of the main character, Black Elk, about his life, mystical visions which took place in his mind and performance reflection of these visions on the stage. The play will show a transition of the Indian tribe to reservation culture and reflect the influence of historical events on personal world perception. This transition will be displayed through the voice and views of Black Elk, as the main character of the play, as Glen Vanderbilt, professor of theater noted, "That voice reminds us of tradition and culture and asks for peace, justice and hope. Our stage production seeks to join that voice and remind our audience not only what was lost, but also what may still be" (At Ohio Wesleyan University Online). In addition to that, the play will show great life experience of Black Elk until the end of independence of American Indians, personal tragedy and tragedy of the whole world of Native Americans faced European invasion. 3. Costumes take one of the first places in the performance. They play one of the most important roles in historical period features reflection. A costume is the integral part of any play, especially that of historical character. So, a costumer must use all the features of a costume to show colours of that historical epoch. The director of the play will show all the variety of costumes features concerning particular play and time the action takes place, especially if it can help to underline the plot and the color of the time. I think that the characters will dress costumes which would resemble Indians' attire of that time, including important difference signs of some tribe members. So, Black Elk's costume will underline his status of a holy man, Whirlwind Chaser's costume will tell spectators that he is a

The two phases of enlightment in Malcolm x's life Essay

The two phases of enlightment in Malcolm x's life - Essay Example Malcolm X was arrested for burglary in 1946. He was jailed for seven years. During this time, he educated himself through reading on various issues. From his ignoble days of street crime, his rise to the â€Å"stature of one of the most profound catalysts of the civil rights movement† came about as a result of powerful changes in his thought patterns. He attributed his transformation to two revelations that he had, which enlightened and empowered him. From extensive reading, Malcolm discovered Allah and the religion of Islam. Thus, from staunch atheism, he converted to the Muslim faith. This proved to be his first enlightenment. He achieved a major turnaround from his downward spiral of declining moral character, and rise up progressively. This helped him to develop the progressive side of his heritage, that is â€Å" â€Å"the potential for racial self-identification and self-productive aggressivity† (Wolfenstein: 209). In 1952 he took the last name X, in rejection of the white man’s name (X: 119). Malcolm X was a Muslim, a consistent Black nationalist, and a revolutionist of action (Ryan, 2008). Malcolm X became a minister within the Nation of Islam, and was held in high honour in the Muslim world. The second revelation was brought about by his brother Reginald, who visited him in jail.

Case Analysis of Starbucks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Case Analysis of Starbucks - Research Paper Example The company’s management acted promptly, under the leaderships of the CEO Schultz, to resolve internal weaknesses and to adapt to the changing external market environment to ensure the survival of the organization in this industry. The survival of the company in tough market environment can be associated with the ability of the leader to work together with the company to satisfy all the shareholders of the organization. This essay presents an analysis of the Starbucks Corporation and the basic strategies that the company has deployed to win the coffee market. First, the paper will present the background of the company, covering its environment, the industry and the major players in the coffee industry. Next will be a critical analysis of the company’s strategies and the various emerging market conditions that underpins the organizational performance. This will provide a good ground to provide alternative approaches that Starbucks would have used to support its development strategy. Starbucks is a company that started back in 1987 in Seattle, Washington by Baldwin, Siegel and Bowker. The company started with nine stores in the domestic market, and the main products include whole beans and coffee products. Schultz became the CEO of Starbucks in 1987, after acquiring the company and receiving a majority vote from the company directors. During this stage company ventured in the domestic market and Schultz helped the company to focus on the customer value model. This left Starbucks as a dominant market stakeholder in the marketing strategy. The company opened more stores in US to take advantage of the growing demand of coffee in the domestic market (Buchanan and Simmons 517). The companys vision was to satisfy the customers through unique coffee products that they had not tasted before. The company focused on diversifying its products when after a long debate they introduced the non-fat