Animal Testing and Rgihts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Animal Testing and Rgihts - Research Paper Example In fact, vivisection of small animals like frogs, rabbits and mice is not confined to sophisticated laboratories alone, but are also a part of school and college curriculum. Animals are also used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries to test drugs and cosmetics before market release. According to AWA reports, the U.S government estimated that the number of laboratory animals used in 2010 alone was about 1,136,567. â€Å"Precise figures for the number of rats, mice, birds and fish do not exist, but it is estimated that approximately 25 million of these animals are used every year† (animal Reports Animal Usage by Fiscal year, 1-2). Vivisection is not just using of animals for scientific purposes alone; it also involves the inhumane treatment meted out to them. They are kept in cages in dark laboratories, fed poorly and stored for experimentation alone. The lab animals are subjected to toxic testing, allergen testing etc which involves cruel treatment for the sake of test ing alone and justify them on the grounds that Human feeling s and animals feeling have a difference (Ryder). While many researchers and vivisection enthusiasts may argue that animal testing is beneficial to humans, I shall discus as to why this should be stopped and alternatives adopted. Scientifically Unreliable Scientists and researchers who use animals for their research work often claim that the results procured and derived from these animal-test based experimentation is for the benefit of the human race. But in reality this is untrue and the results may be totally unreliable because the anatomy of humans and animals is drastically different and each species responds differently to a particular substance, this is the reason why thousands of drugs and cosmetics that pass the lab-animal test have often been withdrawn from the markets, solely because they were harmful to humans. Chemical testing is highly unreliable and this can be understood with a small fact that arsenic which i s highly carcinogenic in humans rarely causes cancer in lab animals like mouse and rats. There is no evidence to prove that mice, rabbits and humans would react all the same to a certain chemical. Experimentation on animals is impractical and reveals negligible information about the human body and its response (Mur, 29). Furthermore, it is well known that the sensation of fear alters the biochemical processes of a living body and lab animals are in state of constant fear which may affect the results too. Hence, the results are not valid. ETHICALLY WRONG It is purely unethical to take advantage of speechless and helpless creatures and use them in the laboratories, inflicting intentional pain and fear among them in the name of human benefit. Science itself has proven that animals too like humans, are sentient. They can feel emotions like pain, fear, hunger, thirst etc, yet we deny animals their rights. Rifkin in his article reported about a study conducted in the Purdue University, U. S. where it was observed that’s pigs crave affection and attention and were depressed if denied so. The study strengthened the fact that animals did resemble humans in some form. The theory of Evolution states that Homo sapiens are linked to all other living creatures through evolution, yet somehow humans have taken the liberty to judge other living things and determine their value in Nature. There is nothing to determine whether inherent value of humans is higher than that of other living

An Evaluation of the Recent IEEE 802.11ac Wireless Protocol Term Paper

An Evaluation of the Recent IEEE 802.11ac Wireless Protocol - Term Paper Example These tests will be done basing on a coding that was made using the MIMO technology. Regardless of the significance steps in technology, the wireless used today, LAN cannot present a sustained bandwidth of the same level with those of other wireless technologies. Therefore it was seen necessary to design another technology that was to be improved on its speed and efficiency. The main objective of the IEEE and the other organizations that are involved in drafting standards. Its aim in expanding the capabilities of 802.11n so that the speed for Wi-Fi can be improved according to the demands of those who use Wi-Fi. To improve the Wi-Fi efficiency it is proposed that the best way will be to break the barrier of the 1GB, which will be seen as the greatest achievement. For the many technologies that have come up to improve the Wi-Fi efficiency, 802.11ac is one of them and it is being adopted as the best in the consumer space. The suggested improvements that are to be made on the 802.11ac will enable it to have multiple streams of high-definition video on the Wi-Fi network s that are used at home. Other devices that will use the Wi-Fi for high resolution videos are the smart phones that are increasingly being put on the market and the new design of tablets. This article also discusses the security matters of using the wireless techniques. It views the : IEEE 802.11ac is one of the wireless networks that need to be approved by the international standard for it to start offering the wireless network services. This network is expected to take over the existing 802.11n. as it is planned, 802.11n is supposed to support the operations in the 2.4 GHz band. Using the network system is both advantageous and disadvantageous. The advantage is that it is fast and can be used anywhere there is the network, but the disadvantage is that the personal information is not guaranteed security and most of the time information is leaked

Online entertainment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Online entertainment - Research Paper Example Rather, the following analysis will explore, discuss, review, and evaluate some of the major trends, segmentation, business models, business practices, as well as perspective challenges that face the online entertainment segment. Seeking to analyze online entertainment as such would necessarily be a monolithic task which could consume the space of several dissertations. However, for purposes of this analysis, three of the major players within online entertainment will be discussed and analyzed. These players are as follows: Netflix, YouTube, Apple TV, and Blizzard Software’s World of Warcraft. Through such a level of discussion, it is the hope of this author that the reader will be able to come away with a more informed and actionable level of understanding with regards to some of the best practices and constraints that defined the way in which online entertainment is presented to the end consumer. ... As half the years have noted, a dynamic shift has taken place and individuals are no longer as willing to go to the movie theater or to view television shows in their traditional format; through regular broadcast (Graham, 2012). Taking advantage of this industry shipped, Netflix is able to edit the original format; removing a litany of advertisements that had previously helped to pay for the respective entertainment’s production costs, and replace this via standardized monthly subscription fee (Vance, 2013). Although an entire section will be devoted within this analysis to key challenges facing the Netflix level of service provision, it must be noted within this introductory level of approach that Netflix has recently been faced with a series of difficulties negotiating the level of fees with both the primary service providers and the end consumer (with respect to the actual amount of money which they charge for the service). However, due to the name recognition and previous levels of consumer utility that Netflix was able to provide, it appears as if the cost structure difficulties that were faced previously will be weathered by the firm without severe loss of income (LaPorte, 2013). YouTube Overview Since its inception in 2005, YouTube has experienced a meteoric rise to prominence and has become a global leader in online entertainment. Conceived originally as an effective means of storing and sharing media content, YouTube now represents over 10% of global Internet traffic. However, regardless of its overall level of success, YouTube shares a very different business model as compared to Netflix, which has briefly been discussed above (Kelley et al., 2012). Whereas Netflix seeks to reduce and outright removed the many advertising spots and

An Evaluation of the Recent IEEE 802.11ac Wireless Protocol Term Paper

An Evaluation of the Recent IEEE 802.11ac Wireless Protocol - Term Paper Example These tests will be done basing on a coding that was made using the MIMO technology. Regardless of the significance steps in technology, the wireless used today, LAN cannot present a sustained bandwidth of the same level with those of other wireless technologies. Therefore it was seen necessary to design another technology that was to be improved on its speed and efficiency. The main objective of the IEEE and the other organizations that are involved in drafting standards. Its aim in expanding the capabilities of 802.11n so that the speed for Wi-Fi can be improved according to the demands of those who use Wi-Fi. To improve the Wi-Fi efficiency it is proposed that the best way will be to break the barrier of the 1GB, which will be seen as the greatest achievement. For the many technologies that have come up to improve the Wi-Fi efficiency, 802.11ac is one of them and it is being adopted as the best in the consumer space. The suggested improvements that are to be made on the 802.11ac will enable it to have multiple streams of high-definition video on the Wi-Fi network s that are used at home. Other devices that will use the Wi-Fi for high resolution videos are the smart phones that are increasingly being put on the market and the new design of tablets. This article also discusses the security matters of using the wireless techniques. It views the : IEEE 802.11ac is one of the wireless networks that need to be approved by the international standard for it to start offering the wireless network services. This network is expected to take over the existing 802.11n. as it is planned, 802.11n is supposed to support the operations in the 2.4 GHz band. Using the network system is both advantageous and disadvantageous. The advantage is that it is fast and can be used anywhere there is the network, but the disadvantage is that the personal information is not guaranteed security and most of the time information is leaked

Police System In Japan Essay Example for Free

Police System In Japan Essay In Japan, police system generally enjoy wide community support and respect. The system, so called keisatsu seido consists of approximately 220,000 police officers who are organized into prefectural forces coordinated and partially controlled by the National Police Agency in Tokyo. Concerning the historical development, during the Edo period we are talking about the years 1600 1868 here, the Tokugawa Shogunate ( the form of those days governing the country ) developed elaborate police system based on town magistrates who held samurai status and served as chiefs of police, prosecutors and criminal judges. The system was extended by citizens  ´s groups such as five-family associations ( gonin gumi ) . These groups were composed of neighbours, collectively liable to the government for the activities of their membership. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the main change in the whole Japanese history, the Home Ministry was established in 1873. With jurisdiction over the Police Bureau, it effectively controlled the police. This new, centralized police system had wide-ranging responsibilities, includng the authority to issue ordinances and handle quasi-judicial functions. It also regulated public health, factories, constructions, businesses and issued permits, licenses and orders. In 1911 the Special Higher Police was established to help control proscribed political activities. Later in 1928 it was strengthened with the introduction of the Peace Preservation Law. When the Sino-Japanese War began in 1937, the police were given the added responsibilities of regulating business activities for the war efforts, mobilizing labour and controlling transportatioon. Also regulation of publications, motion pictures, political meetings, and election campaigns came under police direction. After World War II, Japan as a defeated country was under strong pressure and influence mainly from the U.S., on all branches of life, including the police system. The National Diet the highest organ of state power was required to enact a new Police Law. This 1947 law abolished the previous  Home Ministry. It decentralized the system by establishing about 1,600 independent municipal police forces in all cities and towns with population of over 5,000 smaller communities. These were served by the newly created National Rural Police. General contol of the police was supposed to be ensured by the establishment of civilian public safety commissions. As to present structure, today the Japanese police system is based on prefectural units that are autonomous in daily operations yet are linked nationalwide under the National Police Agency. Prefectural police headquarters, including the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, control everyday police operations in each prefecture. In effect, the prefectures pay for the patrol man on the beat, traffic control over domestic security units, which are funded by the national government, as are the salaries of senior national and prefectural police officials. Prefectures are divided into districts, each with its own police station under direct control of prefectural police headquarters. There are about 1,250 of these police stations nationwide. Districts are further subdivided into jurisdictions of urban police boxes ( koban ) and rural residential police boxes ( chuzaisho). The mainstay of the Japanese police system is the uniformed patrol officer (omawari san ). The patrol officers supply the police boxes and patrol cars and comprised 40 percent of al incidents and crimes and then move them to the specialized units for further investigation. The sphere of police resposibilities remains broad. Besides solving ordinary crimes, criminal investigators establish the causes of fires and industrial accidents. Crime prevention police hold added responsibility for juveniles, businesses and the enforcement of special laws regulating gun and sword ownership, drugs, smuggling, prostitution, pornography and industrial pollution. Public safety commissions usually defer to police decisions. Police contact with the community is extended by the requirement that koban based police visit every home in their jurisdiction to gather information,  pass on suggestions regarding crime prevention and hear complaints. Neighbourhood crime prevention and traffic safety associations provide another link between police and community, further promoting extensive public involvement in law and order.

Autism in schools, crisis or challenge

Autism in schools, crisis or challenge The following report was prepared by the National Autistic Society (England) in 2002 surveying teachers and school administrators from seven local education authorities across England, Wales and Scotland about present state of autistic children in schools. This report is a follow up to a 2000 report titled Inclusion and Autism: is it working? which was taken from the perspective of parents. The surveys completed totaled 373, which makes up 30% a response rate. This represents a total pupil population of 132,646. Teachers surveyed said that 1 in every 86 children they teach have special educational needs that are related to an autism spectrum disorder. The schools also reported that 1 in every 152 children in their schools had a formal diagnosis of an autism disorder. From the survey, it was discovered that there are three times more autistic children in primary school than in secondary school. Statement School-based Total #/10,000 Ratio stages Primary 250 712 962 125 1 in 80 Secondary 75 124 199 37 1 in 268 Whether or not the underlying rate is increasing, there are more children with autism spectrum disorders in English and Welsh schools than ever previously reported. Continuing to place children with Autism in mainstream classrooms without adequate support places unfair pressure on teachers. For the child in question, it will lead to integration with social inclusion or educational progress at best, and destructive behavior and exclusion from school in the worst cases. Educating children with autism spectrum disorder is a huge challenge requiring high levels of skills, expertise and support. While all pupils with autism have individual needs and requirements, certain key issues must be addressed for successful education provision across the spectrum. The key areas include: gaining attention and motivating pupils; promoting social communication and social interaction; structured teaching and behavior management. This places a burden of responsibility on all teachers of pupils with autism, whether in a mainstream or special school setting. Current teaching methods employed for the majority of pupils may be entirely inappropriate for children with autism. Similarly, successful education of autistic children all almost invariably require input from a variety of specialist professionals, including educational psychologists, speech and language therapists and occupational therapists. For the vast majority of children with autism, exclusion represents a failure on the part of the educational setting to provide appropriate support and training to manage their behavior effectively. Frustration can easily be engaged in children with autism by a lack of awareness and understanding on the part of teaching and support staff. In addition, the challenge is magnified many times over in a mainstream environment, where teachers and pupils who may have no experience or understanding of autism need training and support to make inclusion work. So, the question is: Is inclusion working? 65% of the teachers surveyed felt that inclusion is working. There is strong support for the policy of inclusion but the need for training is a major concern in making it work in practice. Inclusion describes an entitlement to education and support for children and adults with disabilities within the mainstream of provision. However, for children with autism, it is vital that inclusion is not viewed as an issue solely for mainstream schools. Despite the governments welcome policy direction towards facilitating mainstream inclusion where this meets the needs of a child, there will undoubtedly always be some children with autism whose individual circumstances require special provision. All children with autism need to be included within the curriculum and the life of the classroom, regardless of their type of educational provision. It remains the case that whatever type of educational provision is deemed to be appropriate for a child, this provision will need to adapt itself to the childs needs to ensure genuine inclusion occurs. This distinguishes inclusion from integration, which best describes the situation when a child with autism or asperger syndrome is placed in a school with no support and is expected to adapt to the curriculum and classroom environment. The teachers were also asked to rank seven measures for meeting the needs of children with autism by relative importance. 1. Promoting social interactions 70% rate high 2. Building strengths/self-esteem 62% 3. Dealing with behavioral problems 57% 4. Speech and language help 49% 5. Structuring the day 47% 6. Preventing bullying and teasing 39% 7. Helping child find the right classroom 20% Children with autism and aspergers have particular problems in communication and social interaction such that, if they are to be successfully included in all aspects of classroom life, they need additional support. Learning support assistants can play a vital role in facilitating peer relationships for children with autism, as well as helping with learning-based functions such as differentiating the curriculum. The following is a quote from a teacher Much faster diagnosis and then adequate, trained support, plus training for the teaching staff. None of this happens in any systematic way. Were all working in the dark! The findings show a majority of teachers who have received training in autism have only received between one and hour hours training. In such a short time, they are unlikely to have received sufficient training to understand crucial areas such as how children with autism learn and how to manage challenging behavior associated with autism. The results of our survey suggest that training teachers and support staff in autism awareness and educational approaches is the most urgent policy priority in the education of children with autism spectrum disorder.

High School Sports Essay -- Essays Papers

High School Sports In high school many kids often choose not to participate in extra curricular activities saying that there pointless or that only a certain type of person would do something like play football, or join the chess club. While this type of thinking may get some people through school and through life, can it really be looked at as being a healthy lifestyle? Today sports have proven to be a healthy outlet for students, in dealing with stress in the classroom at home and among their peers. The â€Å"dumb jock† stereotype we’ve all heard it used before and for some of us have even been called it. However in recent surveys across the United States has found that student-athletes grades are generally higher than non-athletes but often times at the head of their class. One example of this is Laconia High School in Maine, at Laconia, the top-ranked students in the Class of 2003 both play more than one sport. Aaron Stewart, a three-sport standout, is currently ranked No. 1 in the senior class with a 4.43 grade point average. AJ Pattison, an All-State soccer selection and member of the Sachem baseball team, is right behind Stewart with a 4.38 GPA (http://www.fosters.com/2002/news/dec02/dec22_02/sports/sp1222a.asp) Graduation for athletes is also higher than it is for non-athletes are also higher having a 99.5% success rate to 94.5% for regular students. Off the field student athletes have also proven to be great leaders in their respective communities, often times helping out in the neighborhoods with community service. Athletes also seem to have an easier time raising money because people in communities find it easier to donate money or volunteer there time to a local high school sports program. I... ...morable part about that highlight film was the song that was being played in the background, Phil Collins In the Air Tonight. Now this isn’t typically your everyday get excited song but for some reason this song gave me goose bumps every time I heard it. To this day every time I hear this song those memories come flooding back to me along with the goose bumps. Overall sports will always allow players to experience something that not everyone chooses to experience and that is competition. But above all sports does several things that not many activities do and that is build self confidence, create a strong work ethic, teach sportsmanship, it helps maintain student athlete grades, and overall healthy activity. It also does a great job of keeping gets in urban cities that may not have all the options as kids in other areas to stay off the street and out of trouble.