How to Check Cross-References

Step by step instructions to Check Cross-References Step by step instructions to Check Cross-References Step by step instructions to Check Cross-References By Mark Nichol A word, expression, or sentence that guides the peruser to related data in a similar record (or, on account of online substance, maybe an alternate report), regardless of whether said archive is an article or a book, is known as a cross-reference. This post examines best practices in utilizing cross-references. In printed or online substance, a cross-reference is a book component that acquaints the peruser with an ensuing component of substance, regardless of whether text or at least one realistic components. For instance, a perception or affirmation might be trailed by an announcement, for example, â€Å"See further conversation in part 6† or â€Å"See the sections named ‘Cause’ and ‘Effect’ in figure 1 below.† Note several insights regarding these models: First, neither one of the examples utilizes page numbers to find the cross-reference; this is on the grounds that, on account of a printed report, pagination may change when the substance is reproduced or is posted on the web. (Likewise, the assignments for sorts of substance section and figure-are not promoted, nor are comparable terms, for example, supplement, part, and table, and numbers are constantly styled as numerals, not illuminated.) For a similar explanation, stay away from headings, for example, â€Å"See next page†; compose â€Å"See below,† rather, particularly to guide the reader’s focus toward a figure or table. Cross-references can likewise allude to going before components, either by explicit references or by pointing out, for instance, â€Å"the previously mentioned factors† or â€Å"the previously mentioned locations,† â€Å"the prior discussion,† or â€Å"the members referenced above.† General references like these only occasionally go before their referents, and counterparts of previously mentioned and previously mentioned that supplant the primary portion of each word with underneath and after are not legitimate words, nor is aftergoing. (Prementioned is a genuine world, however I have never observed it utilized in this unique situation.) On a related note, it is fundamental to check every single cross-reference in a given bit of substance. Any references to the title of the general substance itself that show up in the substance should coordinate, and the author, as well as an editorial manager or editor, ought to confirm that all components recorded in the list of chapters part and section titles and any headings and subheadings-and related arrangements of such components as figures and tables ought to be checked against the rundowns. (At the editing stage, page numbers in the chapter by chapter guide and comparative records, which are entered in the electronic document from which the distribution is made simply after the content is paginated, ought to likewise be cross-checked against the particular pages.) What's more, all cross-references talked about in the prior conversation ought to be checked to ensure that, for instance, when figure 5 is referenced with respect to a specific theme, certainty, or information point, that data shows up in figure 5. Moreover, an inscription for a delineation or a photo, or a reference to the picture in the running content, ought to be examined to check that it effectively recognizes what is appeared in the picture. Section numbers and other recognizing data ought to be cross-checked in the editing stage too; such markers may have been changed sooner or later in light of the fact that, for instance, two parts have been joined, one has been erased, or another one has been embedded. Simultaneously, or in a different survey, spelling or treatment of terms in the content ought to be checked to guarantee that it coordinates those appeared in figures. For instance, if a table with a rundown of names alludes to somebody as Smythe, however the content uses Smyth, the right decision ought to be confirmed and the mistake amended, or if a guide distinguishes the most crowded city in India as Bombay yet the content uses the fresher standard structure Mumbai (regardless of whether concerning the guide or in disengagement), the guide ought to be relabeled, or supplanted with one that utilizes the cutting edge structure. Likewise, when commentaries or endnotes are utilized, text that prompts a note ought to be checked against the wording of the note to guarantee that they are relevant to one another, and when a reference is noted, it ought to be checked against a rundown of references to ensure, first, that a passage for every reference is recorded and, second, that the data in the reference (for instance, a last name and the time of distribution) coordinates the data in the references. In a different advance, the references ought to be cross-checked against references to ensure that each reference in the rundown has at least one comparing references; reference passages without a reference ought to be erased. URLs and connections to email locations ought to likewise be checked, and connections ought to be tried to guarantee that the goal of the connection is right and accurately distinguished. Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Freelance Writing class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:5 Uses of Infinitives50 Nautical Terms in General UseIs Your Novel Secret, Spine chiller, or Tension?

I Am Sam Analysis

Sam cherishes his girl Lucy without a doubt and makes a decent attempt to keep her with him. In spite of the fact that, he is simple-minded and the court contends whether he should keep Lucy. They state he just has the capacity of â€Å"a 7-year old† and doesn’t have enough cash. He searches for a legal advisor to assist him with getting Lucy back, which she offers for nothing under the weight of being seen by these ladies who tattle about her at work. She is excessively irritated with him from the outset however in the long run begins to comprehend and be more pleasant to him, so she encourages him what to state at court.Lucy is with a non-permanent family who in the end gives her back to Sam since they don’t figure they can vow to give her the affection she’s never had. They choose to be on Sam’s side in court and vow not to tell that Sam can’t deal with her alone. They win the contention and Sam and Lucy live respectively once more. Fundam ental Character Description Sam: He is a simple-minded dad who adores his little girl definitely. He’s exceptionally mindful, upbeat, and adores Ihop. He appreciates making paper cranes and other various shapes too.His work was working at Starbucks, and afterward he stops and works at Pizza Hut. Sam can likewise lose his temper effectively as appeared in the scene where he and Lucy have at an alternate breakfast spot and he has a tantrum when she discloses to him they don’t have French flapjacks with natural product garnishes as an afterthought. Lucy: She is an extremely brilliant and subtle little youngster. Despite the fact that her father isn’t typical, she despite everything adores him unequivocally and needs to consider him to be much as could be expected under the circumstances. She is likewise understanding towards her dad and thinks about him a lot.Rita: Rita is Sam’s legal advisor to assist him with getting Lucy back. She carries on with a distre ssing existence with individuals who disdain her, with many things she needs to do, and afterward she needs to manage this case she brought herself into. She never loses, so she makes a decent attempt to win this case. She turns out to be extremely mindful and understanding towards Sam as she encourages him through getting Lucy back. Mental Illness Autism is depicted in this film with Sam who battles to keep his little girl to live with him.In the start, Lucy’s companion asks her, â€Å"What isn't right with your father? Is it accurate to say that he is hindered? † and answers with a yes. Her companion passes judgment on Sam contrarily in light of the fact that he isn't â€Å"normal. † upon the arrival of Lucy’s birthday celebration, Sam attempts to quiet everybody down so they can shock Lucy; he contacts one of the children to stow away and the kid says, â€Å"get off me! I have cooties! † The kid doesn’t even need to be contacted or dealt with by him due to the way he is.The father additionally pushes him down away from his kid right when Lucy strolls in and sees that. She adores her dad regardless of what since he has consistently been there for her and will consistently cherish her like nobody else can. Her friends would see him like he is a weirdo and snicker at him. At whatever point he would converse with individuals, they would simply continue gesturing their heads like they’re listening since they don’t care what they need to state. Be that as it may, Sam has a few companions simply like him who all prefer to hang out simply like a normal gathering of friends.They would commend each other a ton, empower one another, bolster one another, and talk about their equivalent advantages. The court authorities thought it was best for Lucy to not live with Sam since they don’t think he can bolster her. Particularly since he has a dysfunctional behavior, they don’t figure he would have the opt ion to deal with her appropriately. In any case, he brought up that all she needs from him is love, support, persistence, to hear her out, and joy.

Depression Symptoms, Reasons, Self-Test, Therapy

Depression Symptoms, Reasons, Self-Test, Therapy Depression is a condition which starts by causing mood disorders and changes in your thinking, feeling and your generally functioning. It then proceeds to cause feelings of helplessness, hopelessness and even worthlessness.This is the point at which you are diagnosed with depression as you lose touch with much of life. You start imagining an impending doom even though there are no threats.Typically, everyone feels depressed at one point in time but they may not necessarily be diagnosed with depression. If it’s really bad, they may suffer from anxiety. If the anxiety is however left unchecked, it can lead to depression. Though closely related, anxiety and depression have some differences.The 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) indicates that in 2015, 16.2 million American adults had experienced at least one major depressive episode. Women were also at higher risk (8.5%) of experiencing an episode as compared to men (4.8%).According to WHO, more than 300 million peopl e globally suffer from depression. It is also the leading cause of disability worldwide.In some cases, depression can be an extreme result of untreated and worsening stress. In such a case, the stress will lead to anxiety and eventually depression. Still, some people experience depression without going through stress or anxiety.SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSIONAs with any other condition, depression has symptoms by which it can be detected.Some of these symptoms are the same as those of anxiety due to the close relation between the two conditions.These symptoms are:Feelings of helplessness and hopelessnessThis is very characteristic of depression as it signifies that you have come to the end of yourself. You either feel like giving up or you simply give up.You look at the situations you are in and can only see them from a negative perspective. You are convinced that things are so wrong that they cannot change. More than that, you believe that there is nothing you can do to make things better.Y ou then give up and start having suicidal thoughts. These may escalate to actual attempts to commit suicide.If you have had suicidal thoughts or have attempted suicide, you need to know that the situation you are in is not beyond improvement. Things can definitely get better. To stop experiencing these thoughts, get help by calling 1-800-273-8255 or seek help from here.Loss of interest in daily activitiesOne of the visibly evident symptoms of depression is the loss of interest in the activities which previously brought you joy. This is referred to as anhedonia.Every human being has certain likes and desires to enjoy time with friends and family as part of bonding. For you however, this is not the case.From the hobbies you had to any activity you may be invited to participate in, nothing stirs up your interest. At the same time, you no longer care about any pastimes like swimming, reading or even watching TV.Related to the loss of interest is the reduced ability to feel pleasure. If you engaged in an activity you previously enjoyed, you may still be unable to derive any pleasure from it. This includes partying, listening to music and even having sex.To manage this, it is important that you continue with your regular activities. You can reduce the number of activities but don’t stop them altogether. Also, stay open to support from friends, family and online communities.Changes in appetite and weightDepression also affects your appetite levels. This can go either way. You may experience increased appetite and go on a binge while eating foods which are unhealthy. On the other hand, your appetite levels may decrease and you start skipping meals.As a result, you will end up with either an increase or decrease in weight. Since you will be feeling an inability to control this, more feelings of helplessness may develop. Your overall health will also be negatively impacted.For example, an increase in food intake can lead to bigger health problems. One of the things yo u may be doing at this point is emotional eating. This can happen almost naturally, as you reach for some food to make yourself feel better.Since you will most likely not be cooking, you will just reach for some junk food. But did you know that eating junk food can lead to depression? When having depression and eating junk food, not only are you destroying your health but also feeding your depression.Self-loathingThis is a big telltale sign of depression, especially at an advanced stage. You begin hating yourself for something that you may have done which you feel was wrong. Although normal responses to wrongdoing are acknowledging the wrong, apologizing then moving on, this doesn’t work for you.Instead of following through this process to the end where there is self-forgiveness, you only go as far as acknowledging the wrong you did. Your view of the wrong is magnified and although you may not know it, you blow it out of proportion.You end up only seeing how wrong you are and how big the wrong is. Being a normal person, you will obviously make other mistakes. And since you never moved on past the previous one, you will end up labeling yourself a failure.You feel immense guilt and start telling yourself that you make more mistakes than everyone else. You harshly criticize yourself and ignore any forgiveness you have received from the people you wronged. You do not believe that they forgave you because you think that your mistake was too big to be forgiven.This leads you to think that you are not as good as others. You focus on the good and success of others while only seeing your failures. Eventually, you end up with feelings of worthlessness.If you have gotten to this point, a good way of dealing with those feelings is to say to yourself that you are worth it. You are important.You have something to offer to the world. Whether it makes sense or not, tell yourself, repeatedly, that you are important and try your best to believe it.“Whatever the mind of man can conceive and believe, it can achieve.” Napoleon Hill.Here is a video to help you fight off those feelings of worthlessness. Speaking creates your reality. If you consistently tell yourself that you are important, you will gradually develop the strength to act accordingly. And this will help you lessen the bad situation.Feelings of worthlessness make you isolate yourself and think that you are of no value. This opens the way for suicidal thoughts to flourish.Changes in sleepWhen experiencing depression, one of the common symptoms you will have is changes in your sleep patterns. Whereas normally you would have stayed awake during the day then sleep at night, this routine changes. Or the sleep duration changes.Depression can cause various changes in your sleep. It may be that you will completely lack sleep or sleep but be unable to do so for long enough for your body to recharge. Though insomnia can also be experienced at lower or even normal levels of stress, it becomes worse wh en depression is the underlying factor.Another sleep problem is oversleeping. This is just as bad as having little or no sleep. It directs your mind to operate in an unusual pattern. Instead of waking up in the morning and going to work or doing your home chores, you oversleep and by the time you wake up, you’re already tired.Still, sleep changes can occur in a different manner. You may go to bed in good time and plan to wake up at a certain time. Nevertheless, you will wake up earlier than you expected. You may lose all your sleep at 3:00 am and be unable to get back to sleep. This is known as early-morning wakefulness.Do not think that as the name suggests, you will be waking up early thus become more productive. You will actually be very unproductive. The first reason is that you never had enough sleep. Secondly, you woke up early as a result of depression, not because you are pursuing the completion of a project.Anger or irritabilityAnger is an emotion that is part of the huma n body. As such, it must be expressed whenever it arises. As normal as getting angry is, it is quite different if you have depression.Depression makes you irritable. You become short-tempered and can easily get angry. At the slightest provocation, you can burst out in anger.This is even in situations where there really is no validity in your over-reaction. To you however, you are not over-reacting but just responding accordingly.At the same time, irritability makes you prone to violence. With every outburst of anger, you move closer to making violence your normal response to situations which do not please you. This deteriorates without much of your knowing. It is only those around you that may notice the worsening.Another sign of irritability during depression is restlessness. You simply lack the ability to be patient, whether with people or when in situations beyond your control. You cannot relax or stay calm either while waiting for something or just to allow yourself some rest.Lo ss of energyAs someone experiencing depression, you will often find that you do not have enough energy to undertake tasks you used to normally do well. If you were taking twenty minutes to complete a task, the same may now be taking you one hour.Your easily become exhausted even without doing a lot of physically-intensive work. You feel physically drained and quickly run out of the energy required to perform important duties.You will also be sluggish in your work. Whether at your place of work or at home, you become unable to carry out tasks with speed. You may know that you have a deadline but still, be unable to bring yourself to work as fast as needed.Engaging in escapist behaviorsHaving recognized your wrongdoings and isolated yourself, you will naturally seek ways of relieving yourself of the thoughts you have. This is because feelings of worthlessness and suicidal thoughts are oppressive in nature.Your body is made to naturally protect you from harm. So when these thoughts ove rwhelm your mind, you will look for an outlet to release them so that you can feel good about yourself.The easiest and quickest route you may take is that of substance abuse. You will likely start by abusing social drugs. Though you may have a temporary relief, you risk addiction and other health problems.Other escapist behaviors include compulsive gambling. You do not just gamble to get rich but gamble just to take your mind away from the thoughts troubling you.Gambling can be attractive because it makes you feel good when you win. Unfortunately, the wins are not always guaranteed and by gambling, you just increase your depression levels. With some casinos operating round the clock, you may lose track of time and spend days gambling without going home.Betting is also a common form of gambling. This gives the impression of convenience with options available for betting through your mobile phone. Betting companies have gone mobile to enable people bet from virtually anywhere.The prob lem with these escapist behaviors is that you do not feel like you have anything to lose. You can easily put in all your life savings on the bet hoping to win big. You either fail to realize or you disregard the fact that betting firms and bookies are businesses. As such, they ensure they make profit.You lack concentrationFor you to be productive and effective in what you’re doing, it is important to concentrate. This is however a problem when suffering from depression. Despite knowing the importance and even making efforts, you are not able to concentrate.This makes you produce mediocre work. As a result, you set yourself up for feelings of failure. If in employment, your colleagues or boss will definitely complain about the quality of your work. If in business, customers will express dissatisfaction with what you do.This creates some pressure on you to perform better. Your stress levels increase but you are still unable to work things out. Comparison against others will be inevi table, especially when the complaints continue.You may be given compulsory leave at work or forced to shut down your business since you are no longer making any profit.Making decisions is also a big challenge for victims of depression. This is closely tied to the inability to focus. You may have a small issue to deal with but are unable to focus on the real problem.If the problem arose some time back, then you may have challenges remembering the details of the situation. This is because memory loss is also one of the problems that accompany depression.Not understanding the situation, you fear making the wrong decision and end up making no decision at all.The below video explains how depression leads to indecisiveness and how you can handle the situation. Unexplained aches and painsDepression does not only affect your mind but also your body. In any case, doesn’t your mind control the whole of your body? A problem in your mind can cause many other problems all over your body.Depres sion leads to sudden and unexplained body aches, the most common being headaches. You may easily dismiss this to be a symptom of stress but soon realize that it’s not going away. The headache may also not be treatable using regular over-the-counter medication.Back pains are also common as well as muscle pains.You may also experience stomach pains. If you are a woman, you may mistake these to be menstrual cramps, especially if it happens around the time of your menstrual period. These pains are however quite consistent and may be on and off.CAUSES OF DEPRESSIONDepression, like any other condition, has its causes. Rarely will it have only one cause. In most cases, it will be a combination of factors that have worked together to give birth to it.At the same time, these causes can be easily addressed if the symptoms discussed above are identified and addressed early. This will stop the initially-small problem from degenerating and getting out of hand.Depression can be caused by:Life e ventsLife has its ups and downs and everyone goes through them. But people respond to the challenges in life differently. Some are able to cope better than others, thus come out of challenging times better or unscathed.Others unfortunately come out wounded while still, others get stuck in those bad times. This can happen especially psychologically when the event is no more but you are still ruminating about it. You are unable to move on from the effects of what happened. This is how many people get into depression.Something may have happened, shaking you at a personal level. For example, the death of a loved one causes grief. If the grief does not end, it may lead to depression. Or you may have escaped death by a whisker. The memory of such an event haunts you and makes you fearful that it may happen again.Bereavement-related depression can make you feel that there is no need to live if the dead person is no longer alive. You may become preoccupied with thoughts of what you had plan ned to achieve together.If it was your only child, you may have invested a lot of emotions into your relationship with him. You held all his dreams and ambitions dearly and he was a part of your life. His death seems to take away a part of you leading to a sense of emptiness and hopelessness.All the same, bereavement-related depression can be managed, especially if recognized early. Counseling services can be sought while family and friends give support.Another life-related cause of depression is the lack of jobs. You may have great academic qualifications, have sought employment in many companies and gone for numerous interviews. While thinking that you passed the interview, you may be told that you didn’t.Or you simply don’t hear from the interviewers.You may conclude that you will not make much out of yourself due to joblessness. You may get discouraged and believe that you cannot own a home or start a family because you don’t have an income.There are things you can do to a lleviate depression as a result of unsuccessful job searches. For example, you can do volunteer work. This helps you sharpen your skills while networking with people. You never know where your job opportunity will come from.Childhood experiencesThe source of depression in some cases can be traced to childhood experiences. Children are very sensitive and can pick up negative aspects of life quite easily. This is because their minds are developing at a fast rate.For example, your parents’ divorce could have affected you. Though you never understood everything about it, you suddenly realized you no longer had both of your parents. In case there was shared custody, having to wait till the weekend to see your other parent may have had devastating effects on you.You may also have gone through neglect or abuse as a child. Any form of abuse always makes it difficult to move on with life unless properly dealt with. If there was abuse in your home, it may have taken a long time to stop. If the abuse stopped but there was no counseling, then you never got healed.Wounds from abuseâ€"physical, psychological or emotionalâ€"take time to heal. When you face anything similar to the abuse, the memories come back and apart from the haunting, fear also comes upon you with the possibility of crippling you beyond any action. You may want to isolate yourself in an effort to keep yourself safe from the perceived danger.Another cause of depression related to your childhood is the failure to keep up with your peers. This may have come in the form of your inability to read as well as your friends or matching up to their skills in sports.You may have been gifted differently thus unable to express yourself in the same ways as your peers. If this was not made known to you as a child, then you may have concluded that you were not good enough. Yet, it is only that you are unique.This opens the way for depression by downgrading your sense of self-worth, thus affecting your self-esteem. As i t may have happened, you most likely tried engaging in popular sports later on but never made an impact. You may even have suffered humiliation and decided never to try any sport.Such experiences can seem to have gone away until triggered later in life by a similar situation. This is a sure trigger for depression.GeneticsDepression is believed to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Of these two, genes is the cause in up to 40% of the cases with the environment being the culprit in the remaining 60%. More than that, you have up to three times more likelihood of experiencing depression if either your parents or siblings have the condition.This means that almost half of those with depression could have had it as a result of a genetic link.Looking at the symptoms of depression discussed above, you will easily manifest anger and irritability if one or both of your parents are irritable. Some pains and aches like chronic headaches and migraines can be hereditary. This add s more weight to the gene factor as a cause of depression.Physical health problemsYour physical health can also contribute to your chances of developing depression. This is mainly because of the stress involved in managing some health conditions. It may simply be overwhelming for you to keep up with all the dosages and requirements for managing those conditions.This can especially be the case if you rarely get sick. When you suddenly become unwell, you have trouble keeping up with the lifestyle change.It may be a disease that takes a long time to treat or a condition that you have after being involved in an accident. For example, you may have to use a wheelchair after a road crash that left you paralyzed from the waist downwards.Apart from the treatments involved and probably several surgeries, this can have a massive dent on your moods and ability to enjoy life as you once did. You will not be able to participate in many social activities or go out as often as preferred.Your privac y will also be interfered with because you need assistance in changing clothes and even bathing. Such occurrences can have a lasting impact on your mental health and lead to depression.Hypoglycemia can also lead to depression. The low blood sugar levels act as a trigger for depressive episodes. If you are already predisposed to depression e.g. through genetic links, this becomes an even bigger risk factor.Other mental health problemsMental health problems have a direct link to depression. This is largely due to the stress that comes with coping with them.For example, if you have anxiety, you will most likely experience depression. Or episodes of it.The line between anxiety and depression can be very blurred, especially if you are either mildly depressed or experiencing high levels of anxiety. For example, extreme anxiety can make you nervous, causing you to think that you’re about to make a mistake.Seeking to do a perfect job, you become stressed and prone to having a panic attack . You become fearful that you are not in control. If this situation recurs many times and you don’t develop coping skills, you will end up depressed.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can also cause depression. 70% of all Americans have experienced a traumatic event in their lives. From these, up to 20% develop PTSD.Examples of traumatic events include being violently attacked, involved in a car crash, kidnapped, raped or sexually abused, witnessed extreme violence or any other situation which causes you to fear for your life.If you have had such experiences, then your likelihood of developing depression is high. A quick way of reducing these chances is by getting away from the environment in which the traumatic event happened.Other disordersThere are other disorders which could lead to depression. Some of them cause depression due to high levels of stress generated. Others however, especially those that are mood disorders, lead to depression as a result of worsening or untreat ed conditions.One such disorder is Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). This is mainly experienced by children and adolescents and the main characteristic is irritability. This irritability is persistent and outbursts of anger are common. Their tempers flare quickly and their reactions are usually more severe compared to how their peers would react if in the same situation.Another disorder is the Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), which is a severe extension of the Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). The symptoms include extreme sadness, irritability, extreme mood shifts and feelings of hopelessness. These symptoms normally resolve once menstruation starts.PMDD can make you believe that you cannot control yourself or your body. This causes feelings of helplessness. On the other hand, some symptoms like irritability can damage your relationships. This can leave you feeling hopeless and believe that you will never build any friendships or even a family.Cyclothymia (cyclothymic disorder) is a mood disorder characterized by emotional ups and downs. It is classified as a type of bipolar disorder whose mood shifts are less severe than those of Bipolar I and II disorders. The highs (hypomanic symptoms) can include feelings of euphoria and an increased drive to achieve goals.The lows (depressive episodes) include feelings of hopelessness, sudden weight loss or gain, fatigue, restlessness and suicidal thoughts.SELF-TESTIt is easy to determine whether you have depression or not. Having been a subject of much research and study, the symptoms have been used to help people diagnose themselves. This also helps you know what exactly you are dealing with, helping you better explain your condition to your doctor.To confirm whether your symptoms indicate depression, you can take this simple online test. It is short and will quickly give you the results and tell you where you stand on the scale of depression.There is an alternative test here which is a bit more detailed. After taking the test, you will be provided with a snapshot report with a summary evaluation. You can optionally purchase the full results for $ 4.95.THERAPYHave you taken the test and ascertained that you have depression?Fear not. No matter the level of depression you are at, it is not the end of life. Depression is treatable and so it is advisable that you immediately seek professional medical help. You will be able to start a treatment program and get more out of life. Watch the below video for some encouragement. As you talk to your doctor about your condition, he will diagnose you and tell you which treatment is best for your specific case.The different types of therapy can be divided into three categories. These are medical, psychological and alternative therapy. These are discussed below.MedicalDrugs used to treat depression are called antidepressants and many different types are available. You however should discuss with your doctor the possible side effects to ensure using the best option. Common antidepressants include:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) â€" these are usually the first medication prescribed by doctors as they have fewer major side effects when compared to others.Serotonin-norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) â€" these have various uses apart from being used for depression. They are also taken for anxiety, obsessive compulsory disorder, menopausal symptoms etc.Tricyclic antidepressants â€" these are powerful and normally very effective in tackling depression. The only downside of using them is that they cause severe side effects. They can only be prescribed after SSRIs have been confirmed to provide no relief.Other medications â€" your doctor may prescribe other medication to help make the antidepressants more effective. Such medication may include mood stabilizers and antipsychotics.PsychotherapyThis involves talking with a mental health professional and is often referred to as “talking therapy”. In most cases, psychotherapy will be recommended as treatment to be taken alongside medication. This is because it helps you remain well after recovery from depression.There are various psychotherapy options from which your psychotherapist will choose the best for you. Some of them are:Cognitive behavior therapy â€" this option is centered on helping you change your outlook of life. Since depression typically makes you think negatively, CBT helps you develop a habit of positive thinking.Interpersonal psychotherapy â€" this treatment is based on the assumption that depression and interpersonal challenges are related. This is because most of the depression cases can be traced to aspects of your social life at work or in relationships. Therefore, once you are able to recognize the connection between your relationships and your vulnerabilities, e.g. weaknesses due to your personality, then you’re better able to cope with life challenges.Positive psychology â€" this will focus on the conditions that lead to an optimal functioning and a happy life. This will mainly be through engaging in activities which help you improve your well-being. One of the biggest things you learn from this is letting go of anger and resentment.Self-help and alternative therapyAt times, you may not be able to seek medical attention immediately. The good news is that it is possible to still start therapy on your own.Some of the therapy options available are exercising, taking foods rich in omega-3, taking St. John’s Wort and other depression-relieving supplements.It is important to note that any kind of medication taken should be done after consultations with your doctor about the side effects. Alternatively, do a thorough research online but note that seeing a doctor remains the best option since he can carry out tests to determine what your body may or may not react to.Ensure you know how the medication you’re taking will interact with your body in case you’re taking other medication. Also note that you should not abruptly stop taking the medication.CONCLUSIONDepression can affect your life negatively if not dealt with. The most comforting thing to know is that it is treatable.Do not be discouraged or allow yourself to go on a downward spiral. Talk to your doctor.Also reach out for support from your family and friends.

Rousseau s View Of Morality And Human Nature - 856 Words

The is obvious from Rousseau’s depiction of the general will and how it is to be performed in a democratic society that the philosopher holds a minimalist view of morality and human nature. This view stands on the belief that there is shared concept of human nature and what is good. The fallibility of Rousseau’s Social Contract is its very foundation on the general will and the capacity of human beings to give up their personal wills for the common good. of human beings to stems from a few questions that are left unanswered. Even though Rousseau provides a decent framework for a direct democracy, one question still remains. Are there limitations to the general will? In 1762, Rousseau published what he believed to be the solution to society’s ills, Social Contract. The French philosopher held politics to a high esteem viewing it as the key to retrieving the freedom that individuals traded for socio-economic and political inequality and the blueprint for the le viv re ensemble, a collective body. â€Å"Each of us puts his person and all of his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will, and in our corporate capacity, we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole (Rousseau).† Through assimilation of our individual will into one collective, Rousseau believes that the general will is born. 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John Proctor as a Tragic Hero in The Crucible - 850 Words

McAlister 1 Kyle McAlister Ms. Holder Comp Eng Honors 11 11/1/13 The Tragedy of John Proctor In the play by Arthur Miller The Crucible, the town of Salem is in pandemonium under the non-existent threat of witchcraft. Every character is either lying to save their lives or to end others, or dying for not admitting to a lie. One character who stands out among the chaotic conflagration is the tragic hero John Proctor. In Greek drama, a tragic hero is defined as â€Å"a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy that is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat.† No character in The Crucible fits this description better than John Proctor. John Proctor is the tragic hero in The Crucible because of his strengths and notable traits,†¦show more content†¦Arthur Miller also conveys through John Proctor that it is acceptable to stand up to unjust authority. These traits that the character John Proctor possesses are what qualify him to be a tragic hero. A tragic hero must have tragic flaws as well, which John Proctor does not have a lack of. It is arguable that his affair with Abigail Williams is the root of the witch trials. He tries to fix it by attempting to silence her. â€Å"Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I’ll ever reach for you again. Wipe it out of mind. We never touched, Abby† (Miller 15.) This affair he has with Abigail is an extremely deadly flaw. Abigail starts all of the witch paranoia because of her desire to get rid of Elizabeth Proctor because she falls in love with John. When John discharges her from his home and his life, she goes on a blood buzz for Elizabeth and the rest of Salem, causing the entire tragedy of the witch trials. A broader point that Miller depicts through the effect the affair has is all of the damage that lying and unfaithfulness causes. McAlister 3 Another tragic flaw that, like most tragic heroes in Greek drama, John Proctor exhibits is pride. 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I see to prove his love and dedication to Elizabeth that John would do anything she told him to, in a way toRead More John Proctor is a Tragic Hero in The Crucible Essay863 Words   |  4 Pages John Proctor: A Tragic Hero A tragic hero is a literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy. In the play, The Crucible, Arthur Miller portrays John Proctor, the protagonist, as a tragic hero who has a major flaw—lust for Abigail, his teenage house servant. For fear of being exiled in a town where reputation is highly upheld, Proctor initially tries to hide his crime of adultery, but thisRead MoreHow Is John Proctor A Tragic Hero In The Crucible1020 Words   |  5 Pages A tragic hero is someone of once noble stature brought down by his own flaw, a defect or strength that becomes a weakness, this applies to the character John Proctor. 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The hero’s downfall is a result of their choices which leads to a punishment that exceeds the crime. â€Å"The difference between Proctor and Willy Loman is enormous; the former is the rather typical tragic hero who is defiant to the end, the latter is trapped in submission and is living a lie† (McGill 4). John Proctor is one of the main characters in The Crucible. he is married to Elizabeth ProctorRead MoreArthur Miller s The Crucible Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesMiller’s The Crucible, the normal criteria that a central character fits, is not met by the apparent protagonist, John Proctor. Common traits one might expect to find in a traditional hero are humility, patience and caring. John Proctor, while he is the principal, has many qualities that could instead assume him the role of the antagonist and land him in the adversary box. His background and slight character flaws cause him to take on the perso nalities of both a protagonist and antagonist. Proctor, becauseRead MoreArthur Miller s The Crucible1191 Words   |  5 PagesMiller’s The Crucible, the normal criteria that a central character fits, is not met by the protagonist, John Proctor. Common traits one might expect to find in a traditional hero are humility, patience and caring. John Proctor, while he is the principal, has many qualities that could instead assume him the role of the antagonist and land him in the adversary box. His background and slight character flaws cause him to take on the the personalities of both a protagonist and antagonist. Proctor, becauseRead MoreExamples Of John Proctor In The Crucible985 Words   |  4 Pages John Proctor; Tragic Hero or Ordinary Joe Plays have been used as a method of storytelling and form of entertainment for hundreds of years. A tragedy is one type of play where the audience pities the characters and fear the same consequences that the characters face. In addition, tragedies often include a tragic hero who has a tragic flaw causing his or her downfall. One example of a play that is a tragedy and includes a tragic hero is the The Crucible. John Proctor in The Crucible is a true tragicRead MoreThe Tragic Hero of The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tragic Hero of The Crucible    A tragedy should bring fear and pity to the reader. A man in this tragedy should not be exceptionally righteous, but his faults should come about because of a certain irreversible error on his part. This man should find a bad or fatal ending to add to the tragedy of the story, for this man in the tragic hero. The protagonist John Proctor portrays a tragic hero in The Crucible; his hamartia of adultery causes great internal struggles, he displays hubris by

Sales and Marketing Hell Pizza Report Free Essays

Table of Contents 1. 0 Introduction(Mila)3 2. 0 Overview (Mila)5 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales and Marketing Hell Pizza Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0 Marketing strategy (Mila)6 4. 0 Environmental scan. (Tina)7 4. 1 Demographic7 4. 2 Economic Factors7 4. 3 Global Environment8 4. 4 Natural8 4. 5 Technological Factors9 4. 6 Political Environment:10 4. 7 Sociocultural Environment10 4. 7. 1 Social responsibilities10 4. 7. 2 Demographical shift11 4. 7. 3 Shift in public conception11 4. 7. 4 Social Events11 5. 0 Competitive analysis. (Tina)12 5. 1 Competitors12 5. 2 Points of Difference12 5. 3 Position in the Market13 5. 4 Future competitors13 6. Market segmentation, target marketing and positioning (Mila)14 6. 1 Geographic segmentation14 6. 2 Demographic segmentation15 6. 3 Behavioural segmentation20 6. 8 Positioning Map: (Tina)21 7. 0 Product Strategy (Mila)23 8. 0 Price Strategy (Mila)25 9. 0 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY (Mila)27 10. 0 COMMUNICATION STRATEGY (Mila)28 10. 1 Mass communicated advertising in common with targeted communication28 10. 2 In-store communication29 11. 0 WEBSITE EVALUATION. (Tina)31 11. 0 Website evaluation31 11. 1 Technical aspect31 11. 2 User friendliness31 11. 2. 1 Ease of navigation31 11. 2. 2 Ease of contact31 11. Site attractiveness32 11. 4 Marketing effectiveness32 11. 5 Legal compliances32 12. 0 STRATEGY ASSESSMENT (Tina)33 Reference35 1. 0 Introduction(Mila) This report has been compiled to gain an understanding of marketing strategy of Hell Pizza chain operator based in New Zealand. The company operates through 65 outlets in New Zealand and franchised in Britain, Canada, India, Korea and Australia (Restaurant and Food Services Industry in New Zealand, 2012). In this report only New Zealand’s marketplace will be reviewed and contains the analysis of Hell Pizza’s most successful marketing practices. Eight research objectives have also been reviewed: †¢ environmental scan †¢ competitive analysis †¢ market segmentation †¢ targeting and positioning †¢ product strategy †¢ pricing strategy †¢ distribution strategy †¢ communication strategy †¢ website evaluation Mainly secondary research data has been used to compile this report and personal communication as a primary research data has been marginally used to justify some statements. Method for secondary research: – Statistics New Zealand is operated by the government and is a New Zealand national statistical office. Roy Morgan Research is an international market research company. In this report data is used identify profile of adult consumers and percentage of the adult population (14 years and over) who visited Hell Pizza, Pizza Hutt and Dominos in the last 4 weeks for market segmentation and competitive analyses. 2. 0 Overview (Mila) Hell Pizza is a pizza chain operator based in N ew Zealand and headquartered in Wellington. It was first established in 1996 at the Kelburn squash club and serving university students, and until now Wellington remains the strongest territory of Hell in New Zealand. Current menu items offered include standard pizzas, gourmet pizzas, desert pizzas, pastas, salads, sides, dips, and beverages (Restaurant and Food Services Industry in New Zealand, 2012). Hell Pizza provides dine in, pickup and delivery service options. The company was sold to Tasman Pacific Foods in 2006, and then bought back in 2009 by directors Stu McMullin, Callum Davies and Warren Powell; two years later Warren Powell sold his shares claiming that sales are plummeting (Rogers, 2012; Hurley, 2011). Today Hell has franchise outlets in countries such as Korea, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Britain and a total 65 shops in New Zealand (Restaurant and Food Services Industry in New Zealand, 2012). The Company takes 50,000 to 60,000 orders a month. Out of total orders 40 to 50 per cent of its New Zealand business is delivery orders; the busiest store is Hell Pizza on Cuba Street in Wellington (Rogers, 2012). 3. 0 Marketing strategy (Mila) Even though Hell Pizza Company does not have any clear formal mission statement, it can be spotted through relative available information about the company. Strong brand awareness, controversial promotional activity, good service and quality innovative pizzas – are the components being valued by the company throughout the process of business expansion. â€Å"Our strategy has always been to be noisy in the market† (McMullin, as cited in Rogers, 2012). The company’s mission has been to tempt people into the experience without talking about price in a price-driven saturated marketplace (Medcalf, 2005b). Mainstream world of pizza was found boring by the group of young founders therefore their vision was to create a fun, hard-core, elastic brand and use every opportunity to get people talking (Boyles, 2005). The foundation of the company however was built on producing â€Å"Hell specific† (Stu, as cited in Boyles, 2005, para. 10) high quality food. Davies (as cited in Allen,2004) stresses that even though the pizza market is very competitive, Hell Pizza remains focused on quality and had never competed solely on price (Davies, as cited in Allen, 2004). According to McMillan (2005), Hell Pizza is consistent in providing â€Å"really good pizza† and it is that focus that made the franchise successful (McMillan, as cited in Medcalf, 2005a, para. 21). Technology is seen by the director Stu McMullin as a point of difference for the company, a â€Å"policy that has not let him down† (Start Up, 2012, para. 2; Medcalf, 2005). Hell Pizza was the first food delivery used mobile ETPOS and also the first online pizza ordering system in New Zealand (Start Up, 2012; Medcalf, 2005a). Hell Pizza grew explosively (from 14 shops in 2003 to 33 in 2005) and opened its first restaurant in London, UK in 2007, followed by a store in Brisbane, Australia in 2008 and by today also locating stores in Canada, Korea and India (Franchiseek New Zealand, n. d. ). 4. 0 Environmental scan. (Tina) Constantly changing marketing environment consists of the different forces that affect the marketing management ability to develop and maintain successful transactions with its target customers (Kotler, Bowen Makens, 2010). According to Kotler et al (2010a), these forces can either be negative or positive, and it is up to the company to continuously adapt to the changes, in order to survive and thrive. The marketing environment consists of a microenvironment, and a macroevnironment. The microenvironment refers to all factors which will directly impact the day-to-day business and the company itself, such as the suppliers and customers (Kotler et al, 2010a). The macroenvironment, according to Kotler et al (2010a), consists of all the forces which affect the company, providing it with both opportunities and threats. The seven major forces which influence the marketing strategies and plans of Hell Pizza will be examined in this section: demographic, economical, global, natural, technological, political and social. 4. 1 Demographic Although Hell Pizza has a diverse market, their custom base comprises of consumers in the age group of 20 to 39 years old, who were also found to be open to the use of technology (Medcalf, 2005b). 4. 2 Economic Factors New Zealand has been in a recession since early 2008, which took a turn for the worse when the global financial crisis hit in September the following year (The Treasury, 2012). However, the economy has begun to pick up, which was possibly due to the Rugby World Cup and increased exports (The Treasury, 2012). According to Davies (personal communication, 15 August, 2012), the economic downturn had little effect on Hell Pizza, as people are more likely to stay at home and order takeout, as opposed to dining out in a restaurant. This is confirmed by a survey by Statistic New Zealand, (2010), which showed on average 8. 4% increase in takeaway food sales from 2009 to 2010. 4. 3 Global Environment Hell’s Pizza has become a multinational operation, in an effort to achieve one of its visions – â€Å"Global Domination† (Hell Pizza, n. d. ). In addition to New Zealand, Hell Pizza also have shops in India, Canada, Great Britain, Australia and several other countries (Hell Pizza, n. d. ). In countries such as India, United Kingdom and South Korea, their population density is significantly higher than that of New Zealand; therefore each shop they open will be exposed to exponentially greater amount of people. However, opening up shops overseas also means that Hell Pizza has to adapt to the local culture. For example, in South Korean, Hell Pizza had to cut their menu down to just 11 items for the South Koreans, as well as alter the brand attitude slightly. Whereas New Zealanders can relate to the laid-back personality with Hell Pizza, Koreans are not as comfortable with such informality (Rogers, 2012). Another example which demonstrates the effect of different cultures on a business is Hell Pizza in India, where they had to offer greater variety of vegetarian pizzas, in order to fit into to the local customs (Rogers, 2012). . 4 Natural As the world become more concerned about the pollutions around the globe, consumers are beginning to demand businesses to become more environmentally friendly (Kotler et al, 2010a). Unsustainable energy sources such as oil and coal are fast running out, leading to an increase in the transportation cost across the production chain, and thereby increasing the final food prices (Kotler et al, 2010a). While Hell Pizza recycles where they can, and try to be as environmentally friendly as possible, Davies (personal communication, August 15, 2012) admits that these efforts have to take into account the cost effectiveness and profitability of these measures. 4. 5 Technological Factors A survey by the Statistics New Zealand (2009b) demonstrates the importance of websites; 43% of people interviewed in 2009 have purchased online in the last 12 months, as opposed to just 29% in 2006. Technology such as online ordering systems which enable the consumers to service themselves can replace some of the labour intensive jobs (Reid Bojanic, 2006). The shift from telephone ordering to online ordering means that staffs that were previously tied up with answering the phone is now freed to assist with production. This allows for more efficient use of labour, thus reducing the labour cost. The newest technology war is on smartphones. A survey conducted in 2010 has found that 33% of all people interviewed said they access retail websites through their cell phone (Arellano, 2011). Currently, Hell Pizza has an iPhone application, where the user can place orders (iTunes, 2012). However, users on other systems such as Android and Windows are left out (iTunes, 2012). If Hell Pizza can reach those users, they would really be taking good advantage of the smartphone technology. 4. 6 Political Environment: All businesses are regulated by the government legislations and laws, which makes up the political environment (Kotler et al, 2010a). Some of the regulations and legislations which the hospitality industry in particular must abide by regarding the consumers include Food Hygiene Regulations 1974, Food Act 1981 and amendments 1996. As for the employees, there are the Health and safety in Employment Act 1992 and subsequent amendments 2002, and Occupational Health and Safety regulations. Any additional laws could affect the operation of Hell Pizza. For example, the Food Industry Group is working on changing New Zealand’s system of nutrition information on food labelling, to one which would be more informative and clear (Food Industry Group welcomes Australian approach to nutritional labelling, 2011). If this goes through, Hell Pizza would have to change their existing nutritional traffic light system to the new one. However, Hell Pizza has made sure to state on their website that any political changes which affect their ability to deliver their promised service is outside the company’s control, therefore they cannot be held accountable (Hell Pizza, n. d. ). 4. 7 Sociocultural Environment The social environment is continuously evolving, as it is shaped by the perception and behaviour of the consumers. The consumers in turn, are constantly being influenced by the changes in the other major forces in the macroenvironment (Reid Bojanic, 2006). 4. 7. 1 Social responsibilities The population as a whole has also become more conscious of the environment and social ethics (Kotler et al, 2010). According to the funder of Hell Pizza Callum Davies (personal communication, August 15, 2012), his company contribute to various charity organisations, and does their best to buy from local businesses, thereby backing the New Zealand economy. An example was when Hell Pizza donated all the revenue they made in their shops on 16th of March, 2011, to the Christchurch Earthquake Relief (Scragg, 2001). 4. 7. 2 Demographical shift The NZ demographic has evolved over the past decade. For example, the Asian population has grown by 66% since 2011 (Statistics New Zealand, 2011; Statistics New Zealand, 2012). Also, as the regular customers continue to grow older, the target market of Hell’s Pizza evolves as well. 4. 7. 3 Shift in public conception The public has become more health conscious; in response Hell Pizza has developed a traffic light system which allows the consumers to see which pizzas are healthier than others, thus making an informed decision about what they eat (Laws, 2012). . 7. 4 Social Events Social events can also have a big impact on businesses. For example, when the Rugby World Cup was hosted in New Zealand, it was a great opportunity for Hell’s Pizza to promote its products to foreigners, especially those who have Hell’s Pizza in their home country. During this time, a competition was held where people were encouraged to take a picture with celebrities with a Hell Pizza Fis t drink holder (http://www. facebook. com/photo. php? pid=7627413l=b968e46e75id=p43522837224). 5. 0 Competitive analysis. Tina) Every business faces its own set of competitors, and it must recognise these competitors in order to change its marketing strategies accordingly (Kotler et al, 2010a). Competitors can be categorised into four levels. First level is businesses which offer comparable core products. Second level is those serving matching level of product. The third level is companies which offer the same service. Lastly, the fourth level is anyone who is competing for the same consumer dollar, including the consumers themselves (Kotler et al, 2010a). For the purpose of this report, only direct competitors who are on the first level are analysed, as it is difficult to measure the exact impact of all other indirect competitors. 5. 1 Competitors Hell Pizza is a franchise, so other pizza chains such as Domino’s and Pizza Hut are all considered its direct competitors. Although publicly, the business claims they are not competing against budget pizza chains (Janes, 2009), their custom bases still overlaps, Hell Pizza’s product is gourmet pizzas, therefore its New Zealand competitor s also extend to businesses such as Sal’s Authentic New York Pizza, Non-Solo Pizza, and La Porchetta. Points of Difference 1) Innovative and controversial marketing campaign Not only can the customers easily identify the distinctive Hell theme, its marketing strategies have established its brand as more than just an image; it has taken on its own personality (Medcalf, 2005b). 2) Quality Quality of food, healthy toppings, food hygiene and the offering of greater variety than the traditional varieties all differentiates Hell Pizza from its competitors (personal communication; Medcalf, 2005b). 3) Traffic light system As mentioned earlier, Hell Pizza has recently developed a health traffic light system, which not many of their competitors have done (Laws, 2012). 5. 3 Position in the Market Despite these competitive edges, Hell Pizza is still behind pizza giants such as Domino’s and Pizza Hut. A survey has found that among those who visited Hell Pizza, Pizza Hut and Domino’s Pizza in the last four weeks in 2010, out of those who are ages 18 and over, Hell Pizza was the least visited store with only 13. 80%, whereas Domino’s and Pizza Hut showed 27. 5% and 20. 10% respectively (Fast food places visited in last four weeks, 2010). . 4 Future competitors The food industry is one which has a low entry barrier, as well as a low exit barrier (Kotler et al, 2010a). However, as Sharma and Gadenne (2010) found in their study, businesses that differentiate itself from its competition through quality are more likely to maintain their market share, as opposed to businesses with low pricing strategy. Hell Pizza is therefore more likely to secure their position in the market against new entrants than other budget companies. 6. 0 Market segmentation, target marketing and positioning (Mila) Most companies segment a market by two or more demographic, geographic, psychographic and behaviouristic variables, however there is no single way to segment a market (Kotler, Brown, Burton, Deans, Armstrong, 2010b). 6. 1 Geographic segmentation New Zealand’s population is highly urbanized where Auckland region accounted for  about one-third  of New Zealand’s estimated resident population and remains a second fastest growing main urban area and Wellington remains the third largest area with 386,000, closely behind Canterbury (Statistic New Zealand, 2009a). However, this has changed since the Christchurch earthquake, which caused an estimated number of 8900 people to leave the area. (Newell, Beaven, Johnston, 2012). In New Zealand Hell Pizza operates 65 outlets in 16 towns and cities. Significantly more branches are in Auckland region 25, followed by 14 brunches which are located in Wellington region (Statistic New Zealand, 2009a). The correlation between the number of Hell Pizza outlets and the population distribution can be seen from Image 1 and 2. [pic] [pic] 6. 2 Demographic segmentation Tables 1,2,3,4 and 5 are the information data retrieved from Roy Morgan and variables by which demographic profile of the market segmentation was identified. Generation It can be seen from the table 1 below, that out of those who visited Hell Pizza outlets Generation Y made up the most of those who visited, followed by Generation X and Z. Table 1. Percentage of the generation of adult population (14 years and over) who visited Hell Pizza in the past 4 weeks for the period from August 2009 – July 2010. [pic] Source: Roy Morgan New Zealand Ltd, 2010. Reprinted with permission Sex Data, retrieved from Roy Morgan Single source (table 2), shows that there were slightly more male visited Hell Pizza in the past 4 weeks than female, with 17,1% and 12,2% respectively. Table 2. Percentage of make and female of adult population (14 years and over) who visited Hell Pizza in the past 4 weeks for the period from August 2009 – July 2010. [pic] Source: Roy Morgan New Zealand Ltd, 2010. Reprinted with permission Ethnic Group From data derived from Roy Morgan, table 2, it was found that out of those who visited Hell Pizza in the past 4 week European population made up a significantly larger portion of those who visited. Table 3. Percentage of male and female of adult population (14 years and over) who visited Hell Pizza in the past 4 weeks for the period from August 2009 – July 2010. [pic] Source: Roy Morgan New Zealand Ltd, 2010. Reprinted with permission Weekly household expenditure As it can be seen from the table 4 below, out of those respondents who visited Hell Pizza in the past 4 weeks, most of those have an average weekly living and household expenditure $1000 and over, followed by those who spends $800-$899on all living and household in an average week. Table 4. Percentage of how much does your family spend on all living and household expenses in an average week (dollars) of adult population (14 years and over) who visited Hell Pizza in the past 4 weeks for the period from August 2009 – July 2010. [pic] Source: Roy Morgan New Zealand Ltd, 2010. Reprinted with permission Occupation As can be seen from the table 5 below, out of those who visited Hell Pizza in the past 4 weeks, the majority of them works full time, out of this majority, most are white collared workers. Table 5. Percentage of occupation of adult population (14 years and over) who visited Hell Pizza in the past 4 weeks for the period from August 2009 – July 2010. [pic] Source: Roy Morgan New Zealand Ltd, 2010. Reprinted with permission Therefore, based to Roy Morgan data, an average visitor to Hell Pizza store representing a demographic segment in New Zealand would most likely be a white collared European male or female of Generation Y or X, with an average weekly living and household expenditure from $800 and over. Georgaphically, Hell Pizza mainly segments Auckland and Wellington as to larger markets. . 3 Behavioural segmentation Occasion segmentation Hell Pizza offers gourmet catering â€Å"to everyone’s desires† (Hell Catering, n. d. ). Hell Pizza is suitable for themed parties such as Halloween, conferences and other occasions. Benefits segmentation Hell Pizza offers a wide range of meal options for those who is: †¢ gluten free †¢ vegetarian †¢ â€Å" HELLthier† option meal. 6. 8 Positioning Map: (Tina) Brands are rated together against each other similarity or dissimilarity which results in a multidimensional map identifying factors that discriminate between brands (Kotler et al, 2010b). Below is the two-dimensional map of Hell Pizza and its main direct competitors in New Zealand – Pizza Hut and Domino, based on online research. High According to Hell Pizza’s menu (2012b), in addition to the standard pizzas, gourmet pizzas, desert pizzas, pastas, sides, and dips, customers can also decide their choice of salads and chilli. This choice is unique to Hell Pizza, differentiating it from its competitors. Compared with Hell Pizza and Pizza Hut, Domino’s Pizza offer more varieties of pizzas and crusts. While their prices are lower on average, the surcharges they put on the additional options such as cheesy crusts are higher than Hell Pizza and Pizza Hut (Domino’s Pizza, 2012). Pizza Hut offers less variety across most product categories, and is slightly more expensive than Domino’s Pizza, but still much cheaper than Hell’s Pizza. The differentiating point for Pizza Hut is that it offers greater variety of Mia Pizza (snack pizza) than the other two pizza shops (Pizza Hut, 2012). 7. 0 Product Strategy (Mila) Hell Pizza’s product analysis will be based on the theory from Kotler et al (2010b). Product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need (Kotler et al, 2010a, p. 298). Kotler et al (2010a) suggest that product should be viewed in three levels: Core Product: What is the core benefit your product offers? Actual Product: a quality level, features, styling, brand name packaging Augmented product: additional consumer services and benefits. Therefore, Hell Pizza’s: Core product – gourmet pizza Actual product –consistent, high quality pizza (Medcalf, 2005), supported by a strong brand personality (evil and sinful image is present in the menu), featured with original packaging (as shown in image 3 below). Augmented product – Hell Pizza benefits its consumers with a choice for those who are gluten free, vegetarian or those who prefer HELLthier option meals. Personal selling in Hell Pizza can also be referred to an intangible augmented product as an important part of a hospitality product. [pic] Retrieved from: http://www. facebook. com/hellpizza Product life cycle stage According to the available information Hell Pizza’s PLC appears to be at Growth stage, which is a period of great market acceptance and increasing profits (Kotler etal, 2010b). Information below points out to the company’s prosperity. – Since it was established in 1996, Hell Pizza grew explosively from 14 shops in 2003 to 33 in 2005, and accounts 65 outlets in New Zealand today( reference). – Sales revenue increased from $1. 2 million to $55 million between 2002 and 2006 (stuff. o. nz, 2008). – April, 2012 New Zealand Herald described Hell Pizza as a third biggest player on the market ( New Zealand Herald, 2012) – Hell Pizza established franchises in Korea and India in 2011 (Rogers, 2012). 8. 0 Price Strategy (Mila) Kotler et al, (2010b) suggests that company’s pricing decisions are affected by internal factors: company’s marketing objectives, marketing mix strategy, costs and organisation; and external factors: the nature of the market demand, competition and other environmental factors. There are five general pricing approaches which a company combines when setting their prices: cost- based approach (additional mark-up to the cost), value-based approach (prices are based on buyers perceived value), competition based approach (prices are largely based on competitor’s prices) and performance-based pricing (seller is paid on the basis of performance of the offer) (Kotler et al, 2010b). – Hell Pizza charges $17. 50 for a 12. 5 inches (double) Pizza and $8. 50 for a 7. 5 pizza (snack), with an additional options for thin bas $2 or gluten free base $3. Hell Pizza is focused on quality and had never competed solely on price (Allen, 2004). Hell Pizza charges higher price compared to its direct competitors Pizza Hut and Dominos to cover the high product quality (Hell Pizza, 2012; Domino’s Pizza, 2012; Pizza Hut, 2012). Therefore: – Externally Hell Pizza operates under monopolistic competition markets, where buyers and sellers, who trade over a ran ge of prices, which occurs because sellers differentiate their offers (Kotler et al, 2010b). – Quality leadership is one of and an apparent internal marketing approaches for Hell Pizza. Hell Pizza uses a combined cost based – value based general pricing approach There are also different price – adjustments strategies (such as discount pricing allowances, segmented pricing, psychological pricing, promotional pricing, value pricing, geographical and international pricing) , that companies use to account for different customers and situations (Kotler et al, 2010b) – Hell Pizza regulary applies promotional pricing (attracts customers or rewards loyal customers, (Kotler et al, 2010b). – Geographical and international pricing is also present (Korea, India) – Psychological. For example, the misfortune cookies advertisement promoted six cookies for $2. 50 (http://www. facebook. com/hellpizza); it is priced as such so that consumers cannot easily calculate and compare the price of each individual cookies. 9. 0 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY (Mila) Distribution system for Hell Pizza is direct marketing, which means that there are no intermediaries involved. Hell Pizza distributes in 16 cities and towns in New Zealand. The company locates most of its branches in Auckland and Wellington – cities with the highest numbers of the country’s population, with 25 and 14 branches respectively. Hell Pizza uses four methods of selling its products directly to the market: – Dine in or take away option. Customers can go to the nearest Hell Pizza, place an order and either eat at the restaurant or leave with the order – Order online. Domestic customers can place the order online, and either picks up the pizza or get it delivered. – iPhone application. Fast and mobile option to order a pizza for either pick up or delivery for those who own an iPhone. Convenient for ordering if the only internet access you have is through the phone. – Home and office delivery. Customers can place orders either via the phone, online or an iPhone. 0. 0 COMMUNICATION STRATEGY (Mila) Depending on whether Hell Pizza wants to inform, remain or persuade its audience, company uses various integrated marketing communication (IMC) tools and technologies. Integrated marketing communications include adverting, personal selling, sales promotion, online and direct marketing and enti tle coordinating organisation’s promotional efforts (Kotler et al, 2010b). 10. 1 Mass communicated advertising in common with targeted communication This is where customers’ self-select the message or product involved and those are tailored to suit various market segments. – Public relations. In order to build or reinforce corporate image, handle or head off unfavourable rumours, events or stories. According to the Advertising Standards Authority Hell Pizza finds controversy as a way of generating publicity (as cited in Lord 2012). Overall the company has produced the most complained-about advertisings, including mailed out condoms to promote its â€Å"Lust† meat pizza, attracting a record of 685 complaints to the Advertising Standards Authority in 2006 (Boyles, 2005). – Pay-Tv commercials, â€Å"Pizza Roulette†, â€Å"Sides† and â€Å"Quarn† advertisings on TVNZ’s channel (Hell Pizza, 2012). – Radio advertising. Numerous times Letterbox drops. Mailed out condoms to promote its â€Å"Lust† meat pizza. – Billboards. Such as a billboard with the advertising of cross buns with a slogan â€Å"For a limited time. A bit like Jesus. † (Hell Pizza, 2011). – Telephone directories. Yellow pages – So cial Media. Hell Pizza actively engaged with their customers through social network Facebook and Twitter, with over 49,000 likes and 5,000 followers respectively (personal research, as at 18th of September, 2012). – Mobile advertising. Such as an old 1970’s hearses Cadillac with the inscription â€Å"The Quickest Way to Hell†, painted down the side with their Web address. 970’s police cars, with police lights and sirens â€Å"To Protect and Serve Damned Tasty Pizza†, they also have mini coopers, beach buggies and three wheel scooters they use to deliver pizza, painted with their logo (PIZZA MAGAZINE REF). – Interactive YouTube’s â€Å"Deliver me to Hell† game has also been very popular in NZ and very successful overseas, such as the company even sponsored zombie shows in the United States and South America. Furthermore iPhone’ application,  had over 5,000 downloads in the first month, and that is without even the compa ny promoting its release. 0. 2 In-store communication – Personal selling. Personal interaction between Hell Pizza and their customer happen either when customer places the order or dines-in the restaurant, through the phone or when delivery happens. – Point of purchase promotions. Posters and the communication from personal selling. – Merchandising. Company merchandise such products as T-shirts with such slogans as â€Å"eat me†, and â€Å"providing oral pleasure since 1996†, beanies, boxer shorts and other stuff with company’s logo on it (Boyles, 2005). 10. Sales Promotions is a strong tool used in conjunction with advertising in order to create awareness or change a value for money perception (Kotler et al, 2010b). Hell Pizza’s sales promotions include: – Money-off deals – Redeemable coupons. For example $1 for a double or gourmet pizza from Hell in Christchurch, where 9718 was bought (Treat Me, n. d. ) – Discou nt vouchers, such as those on Vouchermate (2009). – Premium offers (free delivery on Tuesdays – Contests and games of chance and skill. Pizza Roulette included Facebook competition where people uploaded videos of themselves playing the game. Another competition was during the Rugby World Cup, included to stalk celebrities with the fist and take a picture of them (http://www. facebook. com/photo. php? pid=7627413l=b968e46e75id=p43522837224). – Event Sponsorship (Kapiti sports clubs) – Fundraising ( Hell Pizza Northland Hell Pizza Northland, are giving some money to the Karoriri Pirates swimming club  to help with  fundraising) – Charity, such as the donation Hell Pizza offered to the Christchurch Earthquake Relief as mentioned earlier (Scragg, 2001). 11. 0 WEBSITE EVALUATION. (Tina) 11. 0 Website evaluation Hell’s Pizza website is designed by Inject Design, who specialise in projects which are unique and creative (Inject Design, 2011). In order to evaluate the website thoroughly, five categories will be examined: technical aspect, user friendliness, site attractiveness, marketing effectiveness, and legal compliances (Morrison, Taylor Douglas, 2004). 11. 1 Technical aspect The website is accessible through all the widely used browsers, such as Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, and it also has a mobile version which allows access for smart phone users. The time it takes to load each webpages is never more than a few seconds, which is acceptable. There are no spelling mistakes identified. 11. 2 User friendliness 11. 2. 1 Ease of navigation The website is simple and straight forward; therefor it is easy to navigate around, with a home button on every webpage. However, perhaps because the web designer assumed web users would have no problem getting around, there is no sitemap or search engine. 11. 2. 2 Ease of contact There is only one email address available: feedback@hell. co. z and it is displayed at the bottom of every page, along with their 0800 number. Therefore anyone who wants to contact the headquarters of Hell’s Pizza for any enquiries unrelated to feedbacks may search all over the page before realising that is the only email address. For all other contact information, users must first choose a region, then the stores, before gaining access to the contact phone number, address, and opening hours. 11. 3 Site attractive ness The overall colour scheme is white and some red text on black background, which makes it easy to read while maintaining visually appealing. The pages are uncluttered and clean; the background pictures keeps to the theme of Hell, and are all on the top, bottom and sides of the page, acting as a frame which guides the eyes to the middle. Overall, the website is appealing and clear. 11. 4 Marketing effectiveness Current promotions and discounts, most of which contain links to their own promotional videos, are displayed on the homepage, as well as an additional ‘Promotions’ page. The marketing position is clear throughout every page, and keeping to the same theme. However, the website does not tangiblise heir products; there are no pictures of their pizzas or stores, making it hard for users to visualise the actual products. 11. 5 Legal compliances In the ‘About’ section, there is a ‘Privacy’ page as well as a ‘Terms and Conditions’ page, which displays information such as how they collect information, Consumer Guarantees Act, payment policy, and liabilities. These explain clearly how the business protects themselves as well as the customers, which can provide reassurance for the customers. 12. 0 STRATEGY ASSESSMENT (Tina) Hell Pizza has relatively strong position in domestic market. Elements such as Increase in revenue, franchise extension and the launch of the new iPhone application indicate that product is still at it Growth stage for Hell Pizza. Aggressive branding and advertising in common with consistent product quality are the core strategies for Hell Pizza and is affected by the many external factors such as the surrounding environment and competitors, and determined by their market segmentation and position. Hell Pizza positions itself as a gourmet pizza store, and differentiates itself from competitors through quality, and not price. Hell Pizza offers the most expensive product, compared to its main competitors, as well as the best service and mainly targets to those of Generation Y or X, with an average weekly living and household expenditure $800 and over. While it does not compromise its quality through price, Hell Pizza often runs various promotions and competition, such as the ‘Celebrity fisting’ (http://www. facebook. com/photo. php? pid=7627413l=b968e46e75id=p43522837243) mentioned earlier. Hell Pizza uses various integrated marketing tools and technologies, which include mass communicated advertising and in-store communication. Although these are the most complained-about advertisement (Rogers 2012), they also generate much publicity, which raises public awareness. All these communication strategies keep to the theme of Hell and the company’s fun image, while appealing to their target market. As a result, the company is able to send consistent messages to its customers, which are distinctive and unique to the company, thereby differentiating itself from their many direct competitors. Overall, the marketing strategy of Hell Pizza is strong and innovative. Reference Allen, S. (2004, Dec 24). Hell pizza franchise extends its horizons. Dominion Post, pp. -B; 9. Retrieved from http://ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/login? url=http://search. proquest. com/docview/338145934? accountid=8440 Arellano, J. (2011). Mobile shopping increases. Rural Telecommunications, 30(2), 9-9. Retrieved from http://ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/login? url=http://search. proquest. com/docview/862163216? accountid=8440 Boyles, T. (2005, November). All Hell breaking lose. PMQ Pizza Magazine. Retrieved from http://pmq. com/mag/2005november-december/allhell. php Domino’s Pizza. (2012). Menu. Retrieved from http://www. dominospizza. co. nz/menu/pizzas/ Franchiseek New Zealand. (n. d. ). Hell open franchise operation in the UK. Retrieved September 30, 2012, from http://www. franchiseek. com/NZ/NewsDetail. asp? NewsID=295 Hell Catering. (n. d. ) Home. Retrieved 29 September, 2012, from http://hellcatering. co. nz/ Hell Pizza (Producer). (2011, May 4). Hell Pizza: Hell Cross Bun [Television Advertisement]. Auckland, New Zealand: TV 3. Hell Pizza (Producer). (2012a, May 1). Hell Pizza: Pizza Roulette [Television Advertisement]. Auckland, New Zealand: TV 3. Hell’s Pizza. (2012). Hell’s Pizza Order. Retrieved from: https://hellpizza. com/nz/order Hell Pizza (2012b). Menu. Retrieved from http://hellpizza. com/nz/stores/menu-picker/menu/standard Hell’s Pizza. n. d. ). Retrieved September 17, 2012, from http://www. hellpizza. com/ Hurley, B. (2011, August 21). Hell Pizza director sells up. The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from http://www. nzherald. co. nz/business/news/article. cfm? c_id=3objectid=10746463 Inject Design. (2011). About Us. Retrieved September 19, 2012, from http://injectdesign. co. nz/ iTunes. (2012). Hell Pizza. Retrieved September 17, from http://itunes. apple. com/nz/app/hell-pizza/id460256659? mt=8 Kotler, P. , Bowen, J. T. , Makens, J. C. (2010a). Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism (5th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. , Brown, How to cite Sales and Marketing Hell Pizza Report, Essay examples

The Death Penalty Essays (785 words) - Penology, Criminal Law

The Death Penalty In the past, people have invariably felt that if they had been wronged in some way, it was his or her right to take vengeance on the person that had wronged them. This mentality still exists, even today, but in a lesser form because the law has now outlined a person's rights and developed punishments that conform to those rights, yet allow for the retribution for their crime. However, some feel that those laws and punishments are too lax and criminals of today take advantage of them, ie. organized crime, knowing very well that the punishments for their crime, whether it be murder, theft, or any other number of criminal activities, will be so negligible that it may be well worth their risk. Although in the past, the number of crimes that were subjected to capital punishment, defined simply as the death penalty for a crime, were outrageous. Amendments were made to reflect the changes in the society's views on the morality of capital punishment. That resulted in the narrowing down of the list of one hundred crimes to twelve, punishable by the death penalty in 1833, and in 1869 it was cut down yet again to just three: treason, rape, and murder because of violent nature of these crimes. These crimes, even today, are still viewed as violent and should be punished with the highest degree of discipline available to achieve justice. After much public pressure, capital punishment was suspended on a trial run in 1967. This proved to be ineffective, because even though the law stipulated that crimes such as treason or the murder of law enforcement agents, were still to be subjected to the death penalty, the federal cabinet continued to commute those criminals from death to life sentences, hence the law was not being followed and justice was not being served. This soon was followed with capital punishment's abolishment in 1976, as a formal declaration of what was already happening or rather what was not happening. It is felt that because of this and the fact that there has not been an execution since 1967, that today's current form of punishments are no longer a sufficient deterrent for such serious crimes and have contributed to a ever rising crime rate. So, this is where the real issue of whether or not capital punishment should exist begins and such a controversial issue could be best understood if we looked at capital punishment in a perspective of how it fulfils or does not fulfil society's ideas of punishment : Is not one of the four fundamental objectives behind punishment retribution? The sentencing objective based on the principle of an-eye-for-an-eye, which means that what one person has done to another should also be done to that person in return. Is that not justified, especially in cases of premeditated murder of another human begin, another life? Does capital punishment not act as a deterrent? Does it not threaten with an imposition of a penalty for the commission of an act considered wrong by society? What about segregation? Does capital punishment remove criminals from society so that they cannot repeat their offence or commit other offences against society? Doesn't capital punishment follow the above three objectives well Most people would say it does. But then, of course, people who support the abolishment of capital punishment would ask about rehabilitation, the re-training of prisoners with an employable skill for use when they are released. Not only is it expensive to re-train and house criminals, but with some, it is just not possible, because they are hardened criminals and will not change. For those people, it is just not worth the effort and the taxpayers' money to even attempt to reform them. Also, another point to consider is that today prison terms are not enough. Many people are allowed out early on parole and/or remission resulting in criminals just serving one third of their prison terms and being released back into society. This type of quick release cannot adequately retribute someone's death nor deter others strongly enough from repeating the same offence that the criminals already have. As you can see, capital punishment fulfils our society's checklist of what a punishment should do, especially the objective of retribution. Many people who want capital punishment restored, have also clearly stated that without a suitable punishments for crimes, justice will never truly be served to those that have suffered damages or losses. People will think less and less of the law and start resorting to private law and order. This would not only create chaos but raise the crime rate further with people running around on private vendettas. Even with these facts and arguments, the federal government refuses